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Difficulty: MediumChemistry in Daily Life and Industrial Applications

Match the chemical compounds listed in Column I with their corresponding primary commercial or daily life applications in Column II:

  • Plaster of ParisSetting fractured bones in orthopedic casts and making decorative moldings
  • Sodium Thiosulfate (Hypo)Fixing agent in photographic processing to dissolve unexposed silver halides
  • Silicon Carbide (Carborundum)Industrial abrasive utilized in cutting tools and grinding wheels
  • Magnesium HydroxideMild antacid suspension to neutralize excess gastric hydrochloric acid

Answer

Plaster of Paris matches with orthopedic casts and decorative moldings; Sodium Thiosulfate matches with photographic fixing; Silicon Carbide matches with industrial abrasives; and Magnesium Hydroxide matches with antacid suspension.
The correct pairings match each compound to its specific role: Plaster of Paris is standard for orthopedic casts due to its exothermic hardening; Sodium Thiosulfate complexes silver halides during photographic fixation; Silicon Carbide functions as an abrasive due to extreme hardness; and Magnesium Hydroxide neutralizes excess stomach acid as Milk of Magnesia.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the industrial setting property and use of Plaster of Paris.
Plaster of Paris (CaSO4⋅12H2OCaSO_4 \cdot \frac{1}{2}H_2O) hydrates to form gypsum (CaSO4⋅2H2OCaSO_4 \cdot 2H_2O), expanding slightly and setting into a rigid shape used for bone immobilization and statue casting.
Hydration and rapid recrystallization provide structural rigidity.
2
Determine the chemical function of Sodium Thiosulfate (Hypo).
Sodium thiosulfate removes light-sensitive, unreacted AgBrAgBr from photographic emulsions by complexation: AgBr+2Na2S2O3→Na3[Ag(S2O3)2]+NaBrAgBr + 2Na_2S_2O_3 \rightarrow Na_3[Ag(S_2O_3)_2] + NaBr.
Fixing is necessary to prevent the unexposed film from darkening on subsequent light exposure.
3
Analyze the mechanical and structural application of Silicon Carbide.
Silicon carbide (SiCSiC) is a covalent lattice solid with high thermal conductivity and hardness, making it a standard industrial abrasive for grinding wheels and refractory materials.
Strong directional Si−CSi-C covalent bonds give it hardness approaching diamond.
4
Examine the pharmaceutical application of Magnesium Hydroxide.
Magnesium hydroxide acts as a non-absorbable antacid reacting with gastric acid via Mg(OH)2+2HCl→MgCl2+2H2OMg(OH)_2 + 2HCl \rightarrow MgCl_2 + 2H_2O.
Its low hydroxyl ion concentration in aqueous suspension makes it non-corrosive yet effective for neutralizing acid.

Key Concept

Applications of inorganic compounds in daily life, medicine, photography, and manufacturing
Estimated Time:1m 15s
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Topics

Chemistry in Daily Life and Industrial Applications

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