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Difficulty: EasyPoverty Estimation, Inequality Metrics, and Inclusive Growth Strategies

Match the following poverty estimation committees and inequality concepts in India (List-I) with their associated features or reference methodologies (List-II):

  • Y. K. Alagh Committee (1979)First defined official poverty line based on daily nutritional requirement (2400 kcal2400\text{ kcal} rural, 2100 kcal2100\text{ kcal} urban)
  • Suresh Tendulkar Committee (2009)Shifted away from calorie consumption to cost of living spending using Mixed Reference Period (MRP)
  • C. Rangarajan Committee (2014)Recommended Modified Mixed Reference Period (MMRP) and separate nutritional norm calculations
  • Palma RatioRatio of the richest 10%10\% gross national income share to the poorest 40%40\% income share

Answer

Y. K. Alagh Committee (1979) pairs with minimum daily calorie requirement (2400 kcal2400\text{ kcal} rural, 2100 kcal2100\text{ kcal} urban); Suresh Tendulkar Committee (2009) pairs with shift away from calorie intake to spending on basic services using Mixed Reference Period (MRP); C. Rangarajan Committee (2014) pairs with recommendation of Modified Mixed Reference Period (MMRP); and Palma Ratio pairs with the ratio of top 10%10\% income share to bottom 40%40\% income share.
Each item correctly aligns historical policy committees and metric definitions with their specific features: Alagh Committee pioneered calorie-based thresholds (2400/2100 kcal2400/2100\text{ kcal}); Tendulkar Committee adopted MRP while moving away from strict calorie counts; Rangarajan Committee introduced MMRP; and the Palma Ratio compares the top 10%10\% to the bottom 40%40\% income shares.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the primary methodology of the Y. K. Alagh Task Force (1979).
It introduced official calorie-based nutrition norms (2400 kcal2400\text{ kcal} rural, 2100 kcal2100\text{ kcal} urban).
This defined the baseline consumption basket for early Indian poverty lines.
2
Identify the methodological shift introduced by the Suresh Tendulkar Committee (2009).
It moved away from strict calorie reliance toward private expenditure on health and education using MRP.
It sought to reflect realistic cost of living rather than pure calorie intake.
3
Identify the reference period innovation introduced by the C. Rangarajan Committee (2014).
It adopted the Modified Mixed Reference Period (MMRP) to capture food and low-frequency purchases accurately.
MMRP accounts for recall bias over 7-day, 30-day, and 365-day recall windows.
4
Define the Palma Ratio inequality metric.
It measures inequality by comparing the top decile (10%10\%) income share to the bottom four deciles (40%40\%).
It addresses the stability of the middle 50%50\% income share observed globally.

Key Concept

Methodological frameworks of Indian poverty estimation committees and income inequality metrics.
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Topics

Poverty Estimation, Inequality Metrics, and Inclusive Growth Strategies