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Difficulty: MediumCultural Heritage, Art, Architecture, Bhakti and Sufi Movements

With reference to the Solanki (Maru-Gurjara) style of temple architecture in Western India, consider the following statements:

1. The temple complex frequently incorporates an elaborate stepped water tank, locally called a 'Kunda', positioned directly in front of the main structure.
2. The assembly hall ('Sabha Mandapa') is often designed as an independent, open structure detached from the main sanctum.
3. This architectural tradition reached its peak under the royal patronage of the Imperial Chola rulers of Tanjore.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. 1 and 2 onlyAnswer
  2. B
    3 only
  3. C
    1 and 3 only
  4. D
    1, 2 and 3

Answer

Statements 1 and 2 are correct.
The statement combination '1 and 2 only' is correct. Solanki temples feature stepped tanks (Kunda) such as the Surya Kunda at Modhera, and distinct, detached Sabha Mandapas with intricately carved pillars and toranas. Statement 3 is false because Solanki architecture developed in Western India under the Solanki Chalukya rulers, whereas the Cholas governed Southern India.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Statement 1 regarding water tanks in Solanki temple complexes.
Statement 1 is correct. Solanki temple design, exemplified by the Sun Temple at Modhera, prominently features a grand stepped tank ('Kunda') filled with small shrines along its steps.
The integration of a functional and ornamental stepped water reservoir in front of the temple is a defining feature of the Maru-Gurjara style.
2
Analyze Statement 2 regarding the assembly hall layout.
Statement 2 is correct. In Solanki architecture, the 'Sabha Mandapa' (assembly hall) is often physically separate from the 'Gudhamandapa' (sanctum/shrine) and decorated with ornate carved pillars.
Detached assembly halls allowed for spacious public gatherings and elaborate decorative carvings without compromising the inner sanctum's structural plan.
3
Analyze Statement 3 regarding royal patronage and region.
Statement 3 is incorrect. The Solanki style flourished in Gujarat and Rajasthan under the Solanki (Chalukya) dynasty from the 11th to 13th centuries CE, not under the Cholas of Tanjore.
The Cholas patronized the Dravida style of architecture in Southern India, whereas Solanki is a prominent sub-school of the Nagara architectural tradition in Western India.

Key Concept

Solanki (Maru-Gurjara) Temple Architecture Features and Patronage
Estimated Time:1m 15s
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Topics

Cultural Heritage, Art, Architecture, Bhakti and Sufi Movements

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