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Difficulty: HardInternational Environmental Conventions, Protocols and Agreements

Match List-I (International Environmental Agreement/Protocol) with List-II (Core Regulatory Mechanism / Primary Focus) and select the correct matching pairs.

  • Rotterdam ConventionPrior Informed Consent (PIC) procedure for international trade in hazardous chemicals
  • Stockholm ConventionElimination and restriction of intentionally produced Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
  • Nagoya ProtocolAccess to genetic resources and fair/equitable benefit-sharing (ABS mechanism)
  • Minamata ConventionControl and phase-out of anthropogenic emissions and releases of mercury

Answer

The correct matches pair the Rotterdam Convention with the Prior Informed Consent procedure, the Stockholm Convention with Persistent Organic Pollutants regulation, the Nagoya Protocol with Access and Benefit-Sharing of genetic resources, and the Minamata Convention with mercury emissions control.
Each international agreement has a distinct legal scope: Rotterdam regulates international trade of hazardous chemicals via the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) mechanism; Stockholm aims to eliminate Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs); Nagoya establishes rules for Access and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) of genetic resources under CBD; and Minamata addresses global mercury pollution and emissions.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the primary mechanism of the Rotterdam Convention
Rotterdam governs hazardous chemicals in global trade via the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) mechanism.
It ensures importing countries are informed about incoming hazardous substances before shipment.
2
Identify the core mandate of the Stockholm Convention
Stockholm focuses on eliminating or strictly limiting Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), including the initial 'dirty dozen'.
POPs persist in the environment, bioaccumulate through the food web, and pose global risks.
3
Identify the target scope of the Nagoya Protocol
Nagoya is a supplementary treaty under the CBD focused specifically on Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit-Sharing (ABS).
It operationalizes one of the three core objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
4
Identify the regulatory focus of the Minamata Convention
Minamata is dedicated to controlling and phasing out industrial mercury usage, emissions, and waste.
Named after Minamata, Japan, where severe mercury poisoning occurred, the treaty addresses toxic heavy metal pollution.

Key Concept

Regulatory Focus and Mandates of Multilateral Environmental Agreements
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Topics

International Environmental Conventions, Protocols and Agreements