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Difficulty: MediumHuman Physiology, Health, and Diseases

In the study of human physiology, health, and epidemiology, identifying the exact biological classification of disease-causing organisms is essential for selecting appropriate medical interventions. Which of the following human diseases is correctly matched with its primary causative pathogen?

  1. Kala-azar (Visceral Leishmaniasis) — Protozoan parasiteAnswer
  2. B
    Chikungunya — Gram-negative bacterium
  3. C
    Anthrax — Enveloped RNA virus
  4. D
    Thrush (Candidiasis) — Protozoan parasite

Answer

Kala-azar (Visceral Leishmaniasis) is correctly matched as a disease caused by a protozoan parasite (Leishmania donovani).
The pairing of Kala-azar (Visceral Leishmaniasis) with a protozoan parasite is correct. Kala-azar is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania (primarily Leishmania donovani in the Indian subcontinent), which target the reticuloendothelial system including the liver, spleen, and bone marrow.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the pathogen classification for Kala-azar
Kala-azar (Visceral Leishmaniasis) is caused by Leishmania donovani, a flagellated protozoan parasite, and transmitted to humans via the phlebotomine sandfly vector.
This establishes that the pairing of Kala-azar with a protozoan parasite is scientifically accurate.
2
Evaluate the pathogen classifications of the remaining options
Chikungunya is viral (Chikungunya alphavirus), Anthrax is bacterial (Bacillus anthracis), and Candidiasis is fungal (Candida species).
Identifying the correct biological kingdoms/types for each pathogen reveals that these three pairings incorrectly misclassify the causative agents.

Key Concept

Classification of Human Infectious Pathogens (Protozoan vs. Viral vs. Bacterial vs. Fungal Etiology)
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Topics

Human Physiology, Health, and Diseases

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