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Difficulty: EasyInference and Logical Deduction

Read the following passage carefully:

Under the 2026 Municipal Digital Literacy and Archival Preservation Directive, all public libraries operating within metropolitan districts are required to digitize historical physical records printed prior to 1980. To facilitate this transition, municipal funding grants will cover 70% of the procurement costs for high-resolution scanners, provided that the library maintains a minimum catalog of 10,000 physical volumes and offers free public internet access. Libraries that fail to complete at least half of their digitization target within eighteen months will have their municipal operational subsidies reduced by 15% in the subsequent fiscal year. Private non-profit libraries may opt into the funding scheme, but they must adhere to the same public accessibility standards as municipal institutions during the subsidy period. However, grant funds cannot be allocated toward hiring third-party administrative consultants or leasing external facilities.

Which of the following inferences are logically necessary and valid based strictly on the passage above?

  1. A metropolitan public library maintaining a catalog of 8,000 physical volumes is ineligible for the 70% scanner procurement grant.Answer
  2. Private non-profit libraries that choose to participate in the funding scheme are obligated to provide free public internet access during the subsidy period.Answer
  3. C
    Libraries failing to digitize half of their target pre-1980 records within eighteen months face a permanent cancellation of all municipal funding.
  4. D
    High-resolution scanning represents the most cost-effective preservation method available for physical records printed prior to 1980.

Answer

The valid inferences are that a library with 8,000 volumes is ineligible for the grant, and that participating private non-profit libraries must offer free public internet access.
Both valid statements directly apply explicit conditions set in the text: maintaining at least 10,000 physical volumes is required for grant eligibility, and participating private libraries are explicitly bound by the public accessibility criteria including free public internet access.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the conditions for grant eligibility in the text.
The text lists two criteria for the 70% grant: maintaining a minimum catalog of 10,000 physical volumes and providing free public internet access.
This establishes necessary conditions for receiving grant funding.
2
Evaluate the statement concerning a library with 8,000 volumes.
Since 8,000 is below the 10,000 volume threshold, the library fails to meet a mandatory condition and is ineligible.
Direct logical deduction from the stated minimum volume requirement.
3
Evaluate the statement concerning private non-profit libraries.
Private non-profit libraries opting in must meet the same accessibility standards, which includes the free public internet requirement.
Direct logical connection between the accessibility conditions of the grant and the rules for opting-in private institutions.

Key Concept

Identifying logically necessary claims directly derived from explicit passage prerequisites and rules.
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Topics

Inference and Logical Deduction

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