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Question

Difficulty: HardNational Environmental Legislation, Acts and Policies in India

Arrange the following landmark Indian environmental acts and legislations in chronological order of their enactment, starting from the earliest to the most recent.

  1. 1Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act
  2. 2Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act
  3. 3Environment (Protection) Act
  4. 4Biological Diversity Act
  5. 5National Green Tribunal Act

Answer

The correct chronological order of enactment from earliest to most recent is: Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act (1974), Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act (1981), Environment (Protection) Act (1986), Biological Diversity Act (2002), and National Green Tribunal Act (2010).
The correct chronological sequence begins with the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act enacted in 1974, followed by the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act in 1981. Next is the umbrella Environment (Protection) Act passed in 1986 (prompted by the 1984 Bhopal Gas Leak). This is followed by the Biological Diversity Act enacted in 2002 pursuant to the 1992 CBD, and finally the National Green Tribunal Act enacted in 2010.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine the exact enactment year for each of the specified legislative acts.
Water Act: 1974, Air Act: 1981, Environment (Protection) Act: 1986, Biological Diversity Act: 2002, National Green Tribunal Act: 2010.
Identifying enactment years is required to evaluate the chronological timeline.
2
Order the enactments chronologically from the earliest year to the latest year.
1974 (Water Act) → 1981 (Air Act) → 1986 (Environment Protection Act) → 2002 (Biological Diversity Act) → 2010 (NGT Act).
Sorting ascending by year establishes the correct temporal sequence.
3
Match the sorted timeline items back to their corresponding item identifiers.
item_2 → item_1 → item_4 → item_5 → item_3.
Maps the chronological sequence to the question's item IDs.

Key Concept

Chronological evolution of major environmental statutes in India
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Topics

National Environmental Legislation, Acts and Policies in India