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Difficulty: MediumHuman Physiology, Health, and Diseases

Match the nutritional deficiency disorders listed in List-I with their corresponding primary physiological causes or features listed in List-II.

  • KwashiorkorSevere protein deficiency despite adequate total calorie intake
  • MarasmusSevere deficiency of both total calories and protein content
  • GoitreDeficiency of dietary iodine impairing thyroid hormone synthesis
  • Pernicious AnaemiaDeficiency of Vitamin B12 impairing erythrocyte maturation

Answer

Kwashiorkor corresponds to severe protein deficiency despite adequate calorie intake; Marasmus corresponds to severe deficiency of both total calories and protein content; Goitre corresponds to deficiency of dietary iodine impairing thyroid hormone synthesis; and Pernicious Anaemia corresponds to deficiency of Vitamin B12 impairing erythrocyte maturation.
Kwashiorkor is caused by severe protein deficiency despite adequate energy intake; Marasmus is caused by severe deficiency of both energy and protein; Goitre is caused by iodine deficiency; and Pernicious Anaemia is caused by Vitamin B12 deficiency.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Differentiate between protein-specific malnutrition and generalized starvation.
Kwashiorkor is linked specifically to protein deficiency with adequate calories, whereas Marasmus is caused by total calorie and protein deprivation.
Distinguishing distinct clinical features of protein-energy malnutrition sub-types.
2
Identify the dietary cause of thyroid gland enlargement (Goitre).
Goitre is linked to a shortage of mineral iodine in the diet.
Iodine is a key constituent of thyroid hormones.
3
Determine the vitamin deficiency involved in Pernicious Anaemia.
Pernicious Anaemia is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B12 (cobalamin).
Vitamin B12 is essential for nucleic acid synthesis during erythrocyte maturation.

Key Concept

Nutritional and mineral deficiency disorders in human physiology
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Topics

Human Physiology, Health, and Diseases

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