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Difficulty: HardState Demographics, Tribes, and Human Development

Consider the following statements regarding Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs), state demographic indicators, and regional human development profiles:

1. The criteria for identifying Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups include a declining or stagnant population, pre-agricultural technology, extremely low literacy, and a subsistence level of economy.
2. In state Human Development Index (HDI) evaluations, tribal-dominated administrative divisions often exhibit a higher gender parity ratio in literacy relative to their overall economic sub-index rank.
3. Based on Census demographic metrics, the child sex ratio (0–6 years) in tribal-majority Scheduled Areas is consistently lower than that of highly urbanized non-tribal districts due to unequal healthcare infrastructure.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

  1. 1 and 2 onlyAnswer
  2. B
    1 and 3 only
  3. C
    2 and 3 only
  4. D
    1, 2 and 3

Answer

Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is incorrect because tribal-majority districts in state demographic profiles consistently record significantly higher child sex ratios (0–6 years) than highly urbanized districts, reflecting favorable traditional gender parity despite lower economic indicators.
The correct response identifies statements 1 and 2 as true. Statement 1 aligns with the official four-point criteria established for PVTGs (stagnant/declining population, pre-agricultural technology, subsistence economy, and low literacy). Statement 2 accurately captures the state human development trend where tribal belts exhibit favorable gender parity metrics despite lower economic development index values. Statement 3 is false because child sex ratios in tribal regions are significantly higher than in urbanized districts.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Statement 1 regarding PVTG criteria.
Statement 1 is correct. The Ministry of Tribal Affairs identifies PVTGs based on four specific criteria: pre-agricultural level of technology, low level of literacy, declining or stagnant population, and subsistence level of economy.
Establishing the official statutory definition of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 concerning state Human Development Index (HDI) sub-indices in tribal regions.
Statement 2 is correct. State Human Development Reports highlight that while tribal districts lag in per capita income and infrastructure sub-indices, their gender parity index in literacy and social metrics is often higher relative to their overall economic ranking.
Analyzing socio-economic indicator divergence in state-level human development profiles.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding child sex ratios in tribal versus urbanized districts.
Statement 3 is incorrect. According to Census data, tribal-majority districts maintain substantially higher child sex ratios than major urban centers, where adverse sex ratios have historically been more pronounced.
Fact-checking demographic metrics between rural/tribal Scheduled Areas and urbanized administrative divisions.

Key Concept

PVTG Criteria and Tribal Demographic/HDI Patterns
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Topics

State Demographics, Tribes, and Human Development

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