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Difficulty: MediumEnvironmental Issues, Conservation Reports, and Climate Summits

With reference to global environmental governance and climate summit outcomes, consider the following statements regarding the Global Cooling Pledge:

1. It sets a collective target to reduce global cooling-related emissions across all sectors by at least 68% by 2050 compared to 2022 levels.
2. It was officially launched during the 28th UN Climate Change Conference (COP28) led by the host presidency in partnership with the UNEP-led Cool Coalition.
3. It imposes a legally binding treaty framework that mandates fixed price caps on hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) alternative refrigerants for all developing nations.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. 1 and 2 onlyAnswer
  2. B
    2 and 3 only
  3. C
    1 only
  4. D
    1, 2 and 3

Answer

The correct answer is that statements 1 and 2 are correct, while statement 3 is incorrect.
The option selecting statements 1 and 2 only is correct because the Global Cooling Pledge, launched at COP28 in Dubai alongside the UNEP Cool Coalition, sets a voluntary goal to cut global cooling-related emissions by 68% by 2050 against a 2022 baseline. Statement 3 is false because the pledge is a non-binding declaration and does not establish price caps or legally enforceable trade restrictions.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding the quantitative target of the Global Cooling Pledge.
Statement 1 is correct. The Global Cooling Pledge targets a collective 68% reduction in cooling-related emissions by 2050 relative to 2022 levels.
This baseline and percentage target represent the primary quantitative commitment of the pledge announced by signatory countries.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding the founding venue and coordinating coalition.
Statement 2 is correct. The pledge was championed by the United Arab Emirates (COP28 Presidency) together with the UNEP-hosted Cool Coalition.
It was one of the flagship sectoral outcomes finalized at the Dubai Climate Summit (COP28).
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding legal enforcement and price controls.
Statement 3 is incorrect. The Global Cooling Pledge is a voluntary joint commitment, not a legally binding instrument or price control regime.
Legal commitments regarding HFC phase-down are managed under the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, whereas global climate pledges are non-binding political commitments.

Key Concept

Global Cooling Pledge outcomes under COP28 climate summit governance.
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Topics

Environmental Issues, Conservation Reports, and Climate Summits

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