Examkin

Indian and World Geography

296 questions

All types296Multiple choice151Multiple select37Matching54Ordering54
Question 101Question →

Consider the following statements regarding the phenomenon of Western Disturbances and their impact on Indian weather:

1. They originate as extratropical cyclones over the Mediterranean region and are steered towards the Indian subcontinent by the Subtropical Westerly Jet Stream.
2. The arrival of these disturbances is usually heralded by a sudden drop in night temperatures and clear skies over the northern plains.
3. They bring crucial winter rainfall to the north-western plains and heavy snowfall to the Western Himalayas, which is highly beneficial for the cultivation of Rabi crops such as wheat.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1 and 3 only

Answer

Statements 1 and 3 only are correct.
Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Western Disturbances are extratropical weather systems originating over the Mediterranean region that are transported into India by the Subtropical Westerly Jet Stream. They provide essential winter precipitation to the plains of north-western India and snowfall to the Himalayas, which is crucial for Rabi crops like wheat. Statement 2 is incorrect because an advance signal of their arrival is a rise in night temperatures caused by cloud cover trapping terrestrial radiation, whereas temperature drops occur after the disturbance exits.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding origin and mechanism.
Statement 1 is correct.
Western Disturbances are shallow extratropical depressions originating over the Mediterranean Sea, Caspian Sea, and Black Sea. They travel eastward and enter northwestern India driven by the Subtropical Westerly Jet Stream.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding meteorological advance indicators.
Statement 2 is incorrect.
The advance indicator of the arrival of Western Disturbances is an increase (rise) in night temperature accompanied by cloud cover that prevents terrestrial radiation loss. Cold wave conditions and drops in temperature occur after the disturbance passes away.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding rainfall distribution and economic significance.
Statement 3 is correct.
Rainfall caused by Western Disturbances in the plains (Punjab, Haryana, Western UP) and snow in the Himalayan region (Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand) is vital for sustaining the winter (Rabi) crops, particularly wheat.

Key Concept

Western Disturbances mechanism, upper atmospheric jet stream steering, and agricultural impacts
Question 102Question →

With reference to mineral resources in India, consider the following statements:

1. The Chota Nagpur Plateau is known as the mineral heartland of India, housing rich reserves of coal, iron ore, and mica.
2. Kudremukh in Karnataka is majorly known for its vast bauxite reserves.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1 only

Answer

Statement 1 only is correct.
The Chota Nagpur Plateau is known as the mineral heartland of India as it contains major deposits of coal, iron ore, manganese, and mica. Kudremukh in Karnataka is famous for its rich magnetite iron ore deposits rather than bauxite reserves.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding the Chota Nagpur Plateau.
Statement 1 is true. The Chota Nagpur Plateau covers parts of Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, and Chhattisgarh, and is widely referred to as the mineral heartland of India due to immense coal and iron ore reserves.
Geological formations in this plateau are rich in metallic and non-metallic minerals.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding Kudremukh in Karnataka.
Statement 2 is false. Kudremukh is situated in the Chikmagalur district of Karnataka and is well known for iron ore deposits (magnetite type), whereas Odisha leads in bauxite production.
Confusing major mineral belts (iron ore vs. bauxite deposits) leads to misidentification of mining centers.

Key Concept

Geographic Distribution of Metallic and Non-Metallic Minerals in India
Estimated Time:45s
Question 103Question →

Which of the following weather systems is primarily responsible for causing winter rainfall and snowfall in the north-western regions of India, benefiting the cultivation of Rabi crops such as wheat?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Western Disturbances

Answer

Western Disturbances are the weather systems responsible for winter precipitation in north-western India.
Western Disturbances are extratropical storms originating in the Mediterranean region that migrate eastward driven by westerly jet streams. Upon reaching the Indian subcontinent, they cause light to moderate winter rainfall in the plains of Punjab, Haryana, and western Uttar Pradesh, as well as snowfall in Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand, which is highly beneficial for Rabi crops.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the season and region specified in the stem.
The target season is winter, and the geographic focus is north-western India.
Different atmospheric phenomena govern summer versus winter rainfall patterns across Indian subregions.
2
Analyze the atmospheric mechanism driving winter precipitation in north-western India.
Non-monsoons cyclonic depressions originating over the Mediterranean Sea, known as Western Disturbances, are carried by the westerly jet stream toward India.
These disturbances bring low to moderate rainfall to the plains and snowfall to the western Himalayas during December through February.

Key Concept

Western Disturbances and Winter Rainfall in India
Question 104Question →

Which of the following statements regarding the Indus River system and its tributaries are correct?

Select all that apply

Show answer & explanation

Answer: The Jhelum River originates from the Verinag Spring at the foot of the Pir Panjal Range and passes through Wular Lake.; The Chenab River is formed by the confluence of the Chandra and Bhaga streams at Tandi in Himachal Pradesh and is the largest tributary of the Indus.

Answer

The correct statements are that the Jhelum River originates from Verinag Spring and flows through Wular Lake, and that the Chenab River is formed by the confluence of the Chandra and Bhaga streams at Tandi and is the largest tributary of the Indus.
The statements describing the Jhelum and Chenab rivers are correct. The Jhelum originates from Verinag Spring at the base of the Pir Panjal Range and drains into Wular Lake. The Chenab is created by the confluence of the Chandra and Bhaga rivers at Tandi in Himachal Pradesh and constitutes the largest tributary of the Indus River System.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the statement regarding the Jhelum River's origin and course.
Confirmed correct: Jhelum rises at Verinag Spring in the Kashmir Valley, flows through Srinagar and Wular Lake.
This matches standard hydrological geography of the upper Indus basin.
2
Analyze the tributary orientation of the Shyok and Gilgit rivers.
Confirmed incorrect: Shyok and Gilgit join the northern/right bank of the Indus from the Karakoram region.
Confusing left-bank and right-bank tributaries is a common orientation error.
3
Evaluate the formation and scale of the Chenab River.
Confirmed correct: Chandra and Bhaga unite at Tandi in Lahaul-Spiti to form the Chandrabhaga (Chenab), which is the largest Indus tributary.
Accurately represents the fluvial geography of Himachal Pradesh and the Indus basin.
4
Examine the geographical origin and drainage flow of the Sutlej River.
Confirmed incorrect: Sutlej originates in Tibet (Lake Rakshastal) and flows west toward the Indus system, not east from the Western Ghats.
Mislocating trans-Himalayan river origins leads to erroneous drainage classification.

Key Concept

Indus River Basin Tributaries and Geographical Origins
Estimated Time:1m 0s
Question 105Question →

Match the local wind systems listed in List-I with their corresponding regional locations or geographical characteristics in List-II:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Chinook
Foehn
Mistral
Sirocco

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Chinook corresponds to the Eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains; Foehn corresponds to the Northern slopes of the Alps; Mistral corresponds to the Rhone Valley of France; and Sirocco corresponds to the Sahara Desert blowing towards the Mediterranean.
Chinook matches with the Rocky Mountains leeward slopes, Foehn matches with the Alpine leeward slopes, Mistral matches with the Rhone Valley cold wind pathway, and Sirocco matches with the Sahara-to-Mediterranean hot air flow.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the regional context for Chinook winds
Chinook is a warm dry wind on the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains in western North America.
As air moves over the Rockies and descends the lee slope, it warms adiabatically.
2
Identify the regional context for Foehn winds
Foehn is a warm dry wind characteristic of the northern slopes of the Alps in Central Europe.
Moisture is lost on the windward side, causing dry adiabatic descent on the leeward Alpine valleys.
3
Identify the regional context for Mistral winds
Mistral is a cold, dry wind channelled through the Rhone Valley in southern France.
High atmospheric pressure over Europe pushes cold air south through narrow river valleys towards the warmer Mediterranean sea.
4
Identify the regional context for Sirocco winds
Sirocco originates in the Sahara Desert and travels northwards across the Mediterranean Sea.
Tropical air masses pick up moisture over the Mediterranean, bringing warm, humid, dust-bearing weather to southern Europe.

Key Concept

Local Winds and Regional Climatology
Question 106Question →

With reference to the distribution of mineral resources in India, consider the following statements:

1. Gondwana coal fields account for over 95% of India's total coal reserves and are primarily concentrated in river valleys such as Damodar, Mahanadi, and Son.
2. The Bailadila mining range in Chhattisgarh is world-renowned for its vast deposits of high-grade magnetite iron ore.
3. Panchpatmali in the Koraput district of Odisha is a major deposit of bauxite in India.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1 and 3 only

Answer

Statements 1 and 3 are correct.
Gondwana coal fields constitute nearly 98% of India's coal reserves along major river valleys (Damodar, Mahanadi, Son, Godavari). Panchpatmali in Koraput district, Odisha, hosts the country's most prominent bauxite deposit. Statement 2 is false because Bailadila is known for high-grade hematite iron ore, whereas magnetite is majorly found in Kudremukh (Karnataka) and parts of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Statement 1
Statement 1 is true.
Gondwana coal belongs to the Upper Paleozoic to Mesozoic era and accounts for about 98% of total reserves and 99% of production in India, situated in peninsular river basins (Damodar, Mahanadi, Son, Godavari).
2
Analyze Statement 2
Statement 2 is false.
The Bailadila range in the Bastar district of Chhattisgarh contains massive deposits of high-grade hematite (not magnetite) iron ore.
3
Analyze Statement 3
Statement 3 is true.
Odisha is the largest producer of bauxite in India, with major deposits located in Panchpatmali (Koraput district) and Kalahandi-Bolangir belts.

Key Concept

Geological distribution of coal, iron ore, and bauxite resources across major mineral belts in India.
Question 107Question →

Match List-I (Prominent Physical Feature / Region of the World) with List-II (Primary Country / Location) and identify the correct pairs:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Danakil Depression
Gibson Desert
Dasht-e Lut
Pantanal Wetland

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The Danakil Depression corresponds to Ethiopia, the Gibson Desert corresponds to Australia, Dasht-e Lut corresponds to Iran, and the Pantanal Wetland corresponds to Brazil.
The correct pairings link each major geographical feature to its primary host country: the Danakil Depression to Ethiopia in East Africa, the Gibson Desert to Australia, Dasht-e Lut to Iran in Western Asia, and the Pantanal Wetland to Brazil in South America.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the geographical position of the Danakil Depression
It is situated in the Afar Triangle of northeastern Ethiopia.
It forms part of the East African Rift system.
2
Identify the geographical position of the Gibson Desert
It lies in Western Australia between the Great Sandy Desert and the Great Victoria Desert.
It is an arid plateau region characteristic of the Australian Outback.
3
Identify the geographical position of Dasht-e Lut
It is located in the southeastern interior of Iran.
It represents an arid endorheic basin in Eurasia.
4
Identify the geographical position of the Pantanal Wetland
It is located predominantly in the Mato Grosso do Sul state of Brazil.
It forms an immense alluvial plain in interior South America.

Key Concept

Regional distribution of global landforms, arid basins, and wetlands across continents.
Question 108Question →

Which of the following statements regarding the major physiographic divisions of India are correct?

Select all that apply

Show answer & explanation

Answer: The Western Coastal Plain is narrower than the Eastern Coastal Plain and features estuaries rather than large deltas.; The Meghalaya Plateau is structurally a northeastern extension of the Peninsular Plateau, separated by the Malda Fault.

Answer

The statements confirming that the Western Coastal Plain is narrow with estuaries and that the Meghalaya Plateau is a structural extension of the Peninsular Plateau separated by the Malda Fault are correct.
The Western Coastal Plain is indeed narrow and forms estuaries because of its submerged nature and short, rapid rivers. Additionally, the Meghalaya Plateau is geologically part of the Peninsular Block, separated from the Chota Nagpur Plateau by the Malda Fault.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the structural characteristics of coastal plains.
The Western Coastal Plain is narrow and marked by estuaries, whereas the Eastern Coastal Plain is broad with extensive river deltas.
Geomorphological difference due to submergence on the west coast and emergence on the east coast.
2
Examine the geological continuity of the Peninsular Plateau.
The Meghalaya Plateau belongs structurally to the Peninsular Block, separated from the Chota Nagpur Plateau by the Malda Gap.
Faulting created a gap between the two regions during Gondwana break-up and subsequent tectonic movements.
3
Evaluate the relief features of the Eastern and Western Ghats.
Western Ghats are continuous and higher; Eastern Ghats are discontinuous and lower in average elevation.
Major river erosion dissects the Eastern Ghats, whereas the Western Ghats form an unbroken escarpment.

Key Concept

Physiographic and structural features of the Peninsular Plateau, Ghats, and Coastal Plains of India.
Question 109Question →

Arrange the following Indian cities in the correct chronological sequence of the typical arrival (onset) of the South-West Monsoon, from the earliest to the latest date.

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct chronological sequence from earliest to latest onset of the South-West Monsoon is: Thiruvananthapuram, followed by Mumbai, then Delhi, and finally Jaisalmer.
The South-West Monsoon typically hits the southern tip of mainland India (Kerala / Thiruvananthapuram) around June 1. As the Arabian Sea branch moves northward along the western coast, it reaches Mumbai around June 10. The monsoon continues its northward and northwestward journey, reaching Delhi in northern India around late June (June 27–30) and finally reaching extreme western Rajasthan (Jaisalmer) around mid-July (July 8–15). Thus, the correct sequence from earliest to latest is Thiruvananthapuram, Mumbai, Delhi, and Jaisalmer.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the geographical location of each city along the path of the South-West Monsoon.
Thiruvananthapuram is in southern Kerala, Mumbai is on the western coast in Maharashtra, Delhi is in northern India, and Jaisalmer is in far western Rajasthan.
The South-West Monsoon enters India from the southwest and advances systematically towards the north and northwest.
2
Determine the typical onset dates for each city.
Thiruvananthapuram receives monsoon around June 1, Mumbai around June 10, Delhi around June 27, and Jaisalmer around July 8.
The monsoon branch moves progressively northwards along the Western Ghats and northwestward across the Northern Plains.
3
Order the cities sequentially from earliest date to latest date.
Thiruvananthapuram → Mumbai → Delhi → Jaisalmer.
This matches the south-to-north and west-to-northwest spatial progression of the summer monsoon.

Key Concept

Spatial and Temporal Progression of the South-West Monsoon in India
Question 110Question →

Arrange the following Indian states in descending order based on their total estimated geological coal reserves (from highest reserves to lowest reserves):

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct descending order of states by total estimated coal reserves is Jharkhand, followed by Odisha, Chhattisgarh, and West Bengal.
According to official data from the Geological Survey of India and the Ministry of Coal, Jharkhand ranks first in total estimated coal reserves, followed by Odisha in second position, Chhattisgarh in third position, and West Bengal in fourth position.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the state with the largest coal reserves in India
Jharkhand leads India in total geological coal reserves, accounting for over 25% of the national total.
The Gondwana coalfields of the Damodar Valley (Jharia, Bokaro, North/South Karanpura) contain massive coking and non-coking coal seams.
2
Determine the second and third highest states in coal reserves
Odisha is second (~24% of national reserves) and Chhattisgarh is third (~20% of national reserves).
The Mahanadi Valley (Talcher) in Odisha and the Son-Mahanadi basin (Korba, Hasdeo-Arand) in Chhattisgarh hold vast thermal coal deposits.
3
Determine the relative rank of West Bengal
West Bengal ranks fourth among these options (~10% of national reserves).
The Raniganj coalfield forms the primary resource base in West Bengal.

Key Concept

Geological distribution and state-wise ranking of coal reserves in India
Question 111Question →

Arrange the following major oil refineries of India in order from West to East based on their geographical location:

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct longitudinal order from West to East is Jamnagar Refinery (Gujarat), Mathura Refinery (Uttar Pradesh), Barauni Refinery (Bihar), and Digboi Refinery (Assam).
Jamnagar in Gujarat lies at the westernmost end of India (~70.0° E longitude). Moving east, Mathura in Uttar Pradesh sits at ~77.6° E, Barauni in Bihar at ~85.9° E, and Digboi in Assam at ~95.6° E near the eastern frontier.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the geographical state location of each petroleum refinery.
Jamnagar is in Gujarat, Mathura is in Uttar Pradesh, Barauni is in Bihar, and Digboi is in Assam.
Determining state locations helps align the refineries along longitudinal lines across India.
2
Arrange the states from west to east across the Indian subcontinent.
Gujarat (Westernmost) -> Uttar Pradesh (North-Central) -> Bihar (Eastern) -> Assam (North-Easternmost).
India's longitude extends from roughly 68°7' E in Gujarat to 97°25' E in Arunachal Pradesh/Assam.
3
Formulate the final sequential order.
Jamnagar -> Mathura -> Barauni -> Digboi.
This places the refineries in strict West to East chronological spatial sequence.

Key Concept

Geographical distribution and location of major oil refineries in India
Question 112Question →

With reference to the upper atmospheric circulation and dynamic driving forces of the Indian Summer Monsoon, which of the following statements are correct?

Select all that apply

Show answer & explanation

Answer: The establishment of the Tropical Easterly Jet Stream (TEJ) over southern peninsular India is directly linked to the intense thermal heating of the Tibetan Plateau during summer.; The complete northward withdrawal of the Subtropical Westerly Jet Stream (STWJ) from the south of the Himalayas is a essential atmospheric precursor to the onset of the summer monsoon.

Answer

The statements confirming that the Tropical Easterly Jet Stream is driven by Tibetan heating and that the northward shift of the Subtropical Westerly Jet Stream precedes the monsoon burst are correct.
The thermal heating of the Tibetan Plateau generates the upper-level divergence that feeds the Tropical Easterly Jet Stream across southern India. Concurrently, the mechanical movement of the Subtropical Westerly Jet Stream to the north of the Himalayas removes upper-level convergence, permitting the south-west monsoon to burst across the mainland.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze upper atmospheric dynamics over the Tibetan Plateau during summer.
Solar heating warms the high-altitude surface of Tibet, creating a thermal anticyclone in the upper troposphere (300-200 hPa). The divergence from this high-pressure region flows equatorward and forms the Tropical Easterly Jet Stream (TEJ) around latitude 14∘N14^\circ\text{N} over India.
Establishes the origin and role of TEJ in pulling the monsoon wind system.
2
Evaluate the seasonal migration of the Subtropical Westerly Jet Stream (STWJ).
During winter, the STWJ splits into two branches around the Tibetan Plateau, with the southern branch anchored south of the Himalayas. In late May to early June, as solar radiation shifts north, the STWJ abruptly shifts north of the Tibetan Plateau, allowing low-pressure monsoon troughs to rapidly establish over northern India.
Explains the trigger mechanism ('monsoon burst') in northern India.
3
Examine the geographic and pressure characteristics of the Mascarene High and El Niño/SOI dynamics.
The Mascarene High is a surface high-pressure system located at around 30∘S30^\circ\text{S} near Madagascar, pushing cross-equatorial Somali Jet winds toward India. El Niño involves warm sea surface temperature anomalies in the central/eastern tropical Pacific and negative SOI values, which disrupt Walker circulation and weaken monsoon winds.
Identifies errors in options describing atmospheric centers and teleconnections.

Key Concept

Upper Tropospheric Jet Streams and Thermal Drivers of Indian Monsoon Onset
Question 113Question →

With reference to the geological distribution of mineral and energy resources in India, consider the following statements:

1. Gondwana coal deposits, which account for over 98% of India's total coal reserves, are predominantly concentrated in the river valleys of Damodar, Mahanadi, Son, and Godavari.
2. Major bauxite deposits along the Eastern Ghats belt in Odisha and Andhra Pradesh are associated with lateritic cappings on high-altitude plateau surfaces.
3. The Deccan Trap region contains India's largest reserves of high-grade prime coking coal.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1 and 2 only

Answer

Statements 1 and 2 only are correct.
Statement 1 is correct because Gondwana coal comprises over 98% of India's total coal deposits and is located in major river basins like the Damodar (Jharkhand/West Bengal), Mahanadi (Odisha), Son (Madhya Pradesh), and Godavari (Telangana/Andhra Pradesh). Statement 2 is correct because Indian bauxite reserves are formed by intense sub-aerial tropical weathering of aluminous rocks, creating extensive laterite caps on hill tops and plateaus across the Eastern Ghats. Statement 3 is incorrect because the Deccan Trap is composed of igneous basaltic rocks resulting from fissure volcanic eruptions, which do not contain coal beds. India's coking coal is strictly confined to Gondwana sedimentary basins, primarily Jharia in Jharkhand.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding coal distribution
Statement 1 is correct. About 98% of India's coal reserves belong to the Gondwana geological age, located primarily in Peninsular river valleys (Damodar, Son, Mahanadi, and Godavari).
Gondwana coal deposits were formed in synclinal troughs along river basins during the Carboniferous/Permian periods.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding bauxite distribution
Statement 2 is correct. Bauxite deposits are residual weathering products of rocks rich in aluminum silicates and occur as lateritic cappings on plateaus, particularly in Odisha (Kalahandi-Koraput belt) and Andhra Pradesh.
Tropical weathering and leaching of aluminous rocks lead to laterite formation containing hydrated aluminum oxides.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding coking coal in the Deccan Trap
Statement 3 is incorrect. The Deccan Trap consists of Cretaceous volcanic basalt lava flows and is devoid of coal seams. India's prime coking coal reserves are concentrated in the Gondwana sediments of the Damodar Valley (specifically Jharia coalfield in Jharkhand).
Igneous basaltic formations do not host sedimentary fossil fuels like coal.

Key Concept

Geological distribution and rock system associations of coal and metallic mineral reserves in India
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 114Question →

Which of the following right-bank tributaries of the Yamuna River originates in the Vindhyan Range of Madhya Pradesh and joins the Yamuna near Hamirpur in Uttar Pradesh?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Betwa

Answer

The Betwa River is the right-bank tributary of the Yamuna that originates in the Vindhyan Range and meets the Yamuna near Hamirpur.
The Betwa River originates in the Vindhya Range in Raisen district, Madhya Pradesh. It traverses the Bundelkhand region before discharging into the Yamuna River near Hamirpur in Uttar Pradesh.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the drainage basin and river system
The target river is a right-bank tributary of the Yamuna River.
Yamuna has main right-bank tributaries originating from the Peninsular plateau: Chambal, Sind, Betwa, and Ken.
2
Trace origin and confluence points of candidate rivers
Betwa originates near Kumra village in Raisen district (Vindhyan Range), MP, and flows northeast to meet Yamuna at Hamirpur, UP.
Chambal meets Yamuna near Etawah, Ken meets Yamuna near Banda, and Son joins the Ganga directly near Patna.

Key Concept

Peninsular Tributaries of the Yamuna Drainage System
Estimated Time:1m 0s
Question 115Question →

Consider the following statements regarding global atmospheric pressure belts and planetary wind mechanisms:

1. The Subtropical High-Pressure Belts are dynamically induced zones formed due to the subsidence of air descending from the upper troposphere.
2. The Trade Winds blow from the Subtropical High-Pressure Belts towards the Equatorial Low-Pressure Belt, deflecting to their right in the Northern Hemisphere due to the Coriolis force.
3. The Tropical Easterly Jet Stream is a permanent planetary wind system blowing continuously throughout the year across all temperate latitudes.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1 and 2 only

Answer

The statements stating that Subtropical High-Pressure Belts are dynamically induced by air subsidence (Statement 1) and that Trade Winds blow toward the Equatorial Low while deflecting to the right in the Northern Hemisphere (Statement 2) are correct.
Subtropical high-pressure belts are formed by the dynamic subsidence of air originating from Hadley cell circulation. Surface winds flowing from these high-pressure zones towards the Equatorial Low are deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere by the Coriolis force, creating the Northeast Trade Winds. Hence, both the first and second statements are factually correct.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Statement 1 regarding the origin of Subtropical High-Pressure Belts
Air ascending at the equator cools and flows poleward, descending at approximately 30∘N30^\circ\text{N} and 30∘S30^\circ\text{S} latitudes due to cooling and Coriolis deflection. This subsidence dynamically creates high-pressure zones (Horse Latitudes). Statement 1 is correct.
Understanding the dynamic versus thermal origin of atmospheric pressure belts.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding planetary Trade Winds and Coriolis deflection
Pressure gradient force drives air from the Subtropical Highs toward the Intertropical Convergence Zone (Equatorial Low). The Coriolis force deflects moving air to the right in the Northern Hemisphere, forming Northeast Trade Winds. Statement 2 is correct.
Applying Coriolis effect directional rules (Ferrel's Law) to surface wind belts.
3
Assess Statement 3 regarding the Tropical Easterly Jet Stream
The Tropical Easterly Jet Stream (TEJ) is a upper-tropospheric seasonal jet stream that forms during the Northern Hemisphere summer (June to August) near 10∘N10^\circ\text{N} to 15∘N15^\circ\text{N} due to intense heating of the Tibetan Plateau. It is not a permanent mid-latitude planetary wind belt (like the Westerlies or Polar Front Jet). Statement 3 is incorrect.
Distinguish between permanent planetary wind systems and seasonal high-altitude jet streams.

Key Concept

Atmospheric Pressure Belts, Planetary Winds, and Upper-Air Circulation
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 116Question →

Consider the following nations located in Central and West Asia:
1. Kazakhstan
2. Azerbaijan
3. Uzbekistan
4. Turkmenistan

Which of the countries given above share a direct coastline with the Caspian Sea?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1, 2, and 4 only

Answer

1, 2, and 4 only
The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water and is surrounded by five sovereign states: Kazakhstan (northeast and east), Turkmenistan (southeast), Iran (south), Azerbaijan (west), and Russia (northwest). Among the countries listed in the prompt, Kazakhstan (1), Azerbaijan (2), and Turkmenistan (4) touch the Caspian Sea. Uzbekistan (3) is geographically separated from the Caspian Sea by Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the geographical boundaries of the Caspian Sea.
The Caspian Sea is bordered by five littoral states: Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Iran, and Azerbaijan.
Establishing the complete list of littoral countries allows systematic verification of the given options.
2
Evaluate each country provided in the question against the littoral states list.
Kazakhstan (1) borders the northeast; Azerbaijan (2) borders the west; Turkmenistan (4) borders the east. Uzbekistan (3) lies to the east of Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan, bordering the remnant Aral Sea.
Uzbekistan is a doubly landlocked country in Central Asia and does not extend westward to touch the Caspian coastline.
3
Select the option containing only the correct littoral nations (1, 2, and 4).
The combination consisting of 1, 2, and 4 only is the accurate set.
Only Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, and Turkmenistan are valid Caspian littoral states among the given choices.

Key Concept

Littoral countries of the Caspian Sea and regional geography of Central and West Asia
Question 117Question →

Which of the following physiographic sub-regions of the Northern Plains of India is a narrow belt composed of pebble deposits brought down by rivers from the Shiwaliks, where streams frequently disappear under the surface?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Bhabar

Answer

Bhabar is the narrow belt of pebble deposits lying along the foothills of the Shiwaliks where rivers disappear into porous rock deposits.
Bhabar is a narrow belt of about 8 to 16 km width running parallel to the Shiwalik foothills. It is composed of porous pebble deposits left by streams breaking off from the hills. Due to the high porosity of these boulder and pebble beds, smaller streams sink and flow sub-surface.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the physiographic zones of the Northern Plains from north to south near the foothills.
The zones are ordered as Bhabar at the immediate foothills, followed by Terai to the south, and Bhangar/Khadar along river basins.
Relief features in the Northern Plains vary systematically according to grain size, gradient, and river deposition.
2
Match the specified geological and physical characteristic (narrow pebble belt, river disappearance).
Bhabar is formed by heavy pebble and rock debris deposited by high-velocity streams emerging from the mountains, creating high porosity that causes small streams to flow underground.
Coarse sediment at the slope break creates high porosity.

Key Concept

Physiographic divisions of the Northern Plains of India (Bhabar, Terai, Bhangar, Khadar)
Question 118Question →

Arrange the following major iron ore mining areas of India in sequence from North to South based on their geographical location:

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct sequence of iron ore mining areas from North to South is Mayurbhanj, Bailadila, Bellary, and Kudremukh.
Mayurbhanj in Odisha is the northernmost site (approx. 22∘ N22^\circ\text{ N}), followed by Bailadila in southern Chhattisgarh (approx. 18.6∘ N18.6^\circ\text{ N}). Moving further south into Karnataka, Bellary is situated at approx. 15.1∘ N15.1^\circ\text{ N}, and Kudremukh in Chikkamagaluru district is the southernmost site at approx. 13.2∘ N13.2^\circ\text{ N}.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the latitudinal location of Mayurbhanj
Mayurbhanj district in Odisha lies in the northern region of the state at around 22∘ N22^\circ\text{ N} latitude, making it the northernmost among the options.
Determining the northern boundary anchor point.
2
Identify the location of Bailadila relative to Mayurbhanj
Bailadila range in Dantewada district, southern Chhattisgarh, lies at around 18.6∘ N18.6^\circ\text{ N} latitude, south of Mayurbhanj.
Establishing the second point in the North-to-South gradient.
3
Differentiate between the locations of Bellary and Kudremukh in Karnataka
Bellary (Ballari) lies in eastern Karnataka at around 15.1∘ N15.1^\circ\text{ N} latitude, whereas Kudremukh in Chikkamagaluru district lies further south in the Western Ghats at around 13.2∘ N13.2^\circ\text{ N} latitude.
Ordering the two mining centers located within Karnataka.

Key Concept

Geographical latitudinal distribution of major iron ore mining belts in India.
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 119Question →

Arrange the following stages of the Demographic Transition Model in their correct sequential order from the earliest stage of demographic evolution to the most advanced stage.

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct sequence of demographic transition stages is: High Stationary Stage → Early Expanding Stage → Late Expanding Stage → Low Stationary Stage.
The Demographic Transition Model traces how human populations transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as economic development occurs. The sequence begins with the High Stationary Stage, moves to the Early Expanding Stage as mortality drops, transitions to the Late Expanding Stage as fertility drops, and completes at the Low Stationary Stage.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the initial stage of pre-industrial demographics.
High Stationary Stage is the first phase, marked by high birth and death rates.
Before industrial and healthcare developments, mortality and fertility are both high.
2
Determine the phase of initial healthcare progress.
Early Expanding Stage follows next.
Improvements in public health reduce death rates first while birth rates stay high.
3
Determine the phase of socio-economic adjustment.
Late Expanding Stage is the third phase.
Social changes, female education, and urban life lead to a decline in birth rates.
4
Identify the post-industrial equilibrium stage.
Low Stationary Stage is the final phase.
Both vital rates stabilize at low levels in mature industrial/post-industrial economies.

Key Concept

Demographic Transition Model in Human Geography
Question 120Question →

Consider the following statements regarding atomic and nuclear mineral resources in India:

1. Jaduguda in Jharkhand was the first commercial uranium mine operationalized in India.
2. Monazite sands occurring along the coastal belts of Kerala are a major source of Thorium.
3. The Khetri region in Rajasthan is India's principal producer and reserve holder of nuclear-grade Uranium.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1 and 2 only

Answer

Statements 1 and 2 are correct. The option stating '1 and 2 only' is the correct answer.
The correct answer identifies that Jaduguda (Jharkhand) is indeed India's pioneer commercial uranium mine, and the placer monazite sands of Kerala hold vast Thorium reserves. The statement claiming Khetri produces nuclear-grade uranium is false because Khetri is famous for copper mining.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding Jaduguda Uranium Mine
Jaduguda in the Singhbhum thrust belt of Jharkhand commenced operations under Uranium Corporation of India Limited (UCIL) in 1967 as India's first commercial uranium mine. Statement 1 is correct.
Verifying historical and spatial facts of major atomic mineral extraction sites.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding Coastal Monazite Sands
The placer deposits along the Kerala coast (such as in Kollam district) contain significant concentrations of Monazite, which is rich in Thorium and rare earth elements. Statement 2 is correct.
Checking coastal placer mineral distribution in Peninsular India.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding Khetri Region Minerals
Khetri in Jhunjhunu district, Rajasthan, is renowned for its copper deposits managed by Hindustan Copper Limited, not uranium. Major uranium deposits in Rajasthan are located in Rohil (Sikar district) and Umra, while Jaduguda and Tummalapalle remain major reserves nationally. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Identifying misattribution of mineral categories to regional mining belts.

Key Concept

Geographical distribution of nuclear and atomic minerals (Uranium and Thorium) in India
PreviousPage 6 / 15Next
Indian and World Geography Practice Questions — State PSC Exam — Page 6 | Examkin