Match each clinical presentation of a psychiatric or substance-related emergency to the most appropriate specific pharmacological treatment or reversal agent.
- A 24-year-old man develops severe 'lead-pipe' muscle rigidity, a temperature of 103.5°F (39.7°C), and diaphoresis two days after his haloperidol dose was increased.Bromocriptine
- A 32-year-old woman presents with myoclonus, hyperreflexia, agitation, and shivering shortly after starting sumatriptan for migraines while maintained on fluoxetine.Cyproheptadine
- A 19-year-old man experiences a sudden, sustained upward deviation of the eyes and painful neck twisting hours after receiving a dose of fluphenazine.Benztropine
- A 28-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department unresponsive, with dry mucous membranes and a widened QRS complex on electrocardiogram after ingesting a bottle of pills.Sodium bicarbonate
- A 45-year-old man with a history of alcohol use disorder presents with confusion, visual hallucinations, tachycardia, and severe tremors 72 hours after his last drink.Lorazepam
Answer
The correct matches pair each psychiatric emergency with its definitive pharmacological treatment: Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome with Bromocriptine, Serotonin Syndrome with Cyproheptadine, Acute Dystonia with Benztropine, TCA toxicity with Sodium bicarbonate, and Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium with Lorazepam.
Each matching pair correctly identifies the reversal agent or definitive medical treatment for a distinct, life-threatening psychiatric or substance-related emergency based on its underlying receptor mechanism.
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept
Recognition of psychiatric emergencies and acute toxidromes, and their definitive pharmacological management.