Review the following patient profiles. Match each patient with the most appropriate United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) Grade A or Grade B recommendation for screening or preventive care.
- A 45-year-old female of Ashkenazi Jewish descent whose mother was diagnosed with early-onset bilateral breast cancer.Administration of a brief familial risk assessment tool for specific gene mutations.
- An ambulatory 68-year-old female with a body mass index of 21 kg/m² who recently sustained a distal radius fracture after a minor fall.Measurement of bone mineral density using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
- A pregnant 32-year-old patient at 14 weeks of gestation who has pre-existing chronic hypertension.Initiation of daily low-dose aspirin therapy.
- An asymptomatic 34-year-old male residing in a crowded shelter who recently immigrated to the United States from a region with high tuberculosis prevalence.Screening with an interferon-gamma release assay or tuberculin skin test.
Answer
The correct pairings align each patient with their corresponding evidence-based USPSTF guideline: The patient with Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry requires a brief familial BRCA risk assessment; the 68-year-old female requires bone density measurement; the pregnant patient with chronic hypertension requires daily low-dose aspirin; and the recent immigrant requires latent tuberculosis screening.
Each patient profile maps strictly to a specific USPSTF Grade A or Grade B recommendation based on age, specific medical history, genetics, or demographic risk factors. Correctly identifying the indicated preventive modality reduces morbidity and mortality without causing unnecessary harm or diagnostic cascade.
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept
USPSTF Grade A and B Clinical Preventive Services and Screening Guidelines