Match each classic pediatric exanthem clinical presentation with the most likely causative viral pathogen.
- A toddler presenting with a prodrome of prominent cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis, followed by a maculopapular rash that began along the hairline.Measles virus (Rubeola)
- A preschooler exhibiting tender suboccipital lymphadenopathy and a mild fever, immediately followed by a fine, pink rash spreading rapidly cephalocaudally.Rubella virus
- A school-aged child developing prominent erythematous malar regions with relative circumoral pallor, subsequently followed by a lacy eruption on the arms.Parvovirus B19
- An infant who experienced three consecutive days of high fever that abruptly resolved just as a blanching maculopapular rash erupted on the trunk.Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6)
Answer
The presentation with the '3 Cs' matches Measles virus; the presentation with suboccipital lymphadenopathy matches Rubella virus; the 'slapped cheek' and lacy rash matches Parvovirus B19; and the fever resolving prior to rash appearance matches Human herpesvirus 6.
Each classic pediatric viral exanthem has distinct, highly tested features. Measles presents with cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis. Rubella is notable for posterior cervical/suboccipital lymphadenopathy. Parvovirus B19 causes the 'slapped cheek' sign and a lacy reticular rash. HHV-6 causes Roseola, unique because the rash appears only after 3-5 days of high fever resolve.
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept
Diagnosis of classic pediatric viral exanthems based on prodrome and rash morphology.