A pediatric clinic receives several calls regarding patients who have had recent infectious exposures or are preparing for high-risk situations. Match each pediatric clinical scenario with the single most appropriate targeted preventive intervention or post-exposure prophylaxis plan.
- A 2-month-old infant whose older sibling was just diagnosed with pertussisPrescribe a prophylactic course of oral azithromycin
- A 9-month-old healthy infant preparing for imminent travel to a country with a measles outbreakAdminister a dose of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine
- A 3-year-old unvaccinated child who sustains a deep, soil-contaminated lacerationAdminister the DTaP vaccine and human tetanus immune globulin
- A 6-month-old infant whose live-in grandparent is newly diagnosed with active pulmonary tuberculosisInitiate isoniazid therapy immediately, regardless of initial screening test results
Answer
The pertussis contact receives azithromycin; the 9-month-old traveler receives an early MMR dose; the unvaccinated child with a dirty wound receives DTaP and TIG; and the TB contact receives window prophylaxis with isoniazid.
Each intervention directly corresponds to pediatric disease prevention guidelines for specific exposure scenarios. Macrolides prevent pertussis in household contacts; early MMR protects traveling infants; DTaP combined with TIG provides active and passive tetanus immunity for high-risk wounds in unimmunized children; and isoniazid provides essential window prophylaxis against tuberculosis in highly vulnerable infants.
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept
Pediatric post-exposure prophylaxis and targeted preventive interventions based on specific high-risk exposures.