Match each patient's clinical presentation of toxic ingestion or poisoning with the most appropriate specific pharmacological antidote or treatment.
- A 22-year-old woman presents with nausea, vomiting, and right upper quadrant abdominal pain 36 hours after an intentional medication overdose. Labs show AST 3,500 U/L and ALT 4,200 U/L.N-acetylcysteine
- A 19-year-old man presents with tinnitus, tachypnea, nausea, and confusion. Arterial blood gas reveals a mixed primary respiratory alkalosis and primary high anion gap metabolic acidosis.Sodium bicarbonate
- A 45-year-old man is brought in obtunded. Labs show a severe high anion gap metabolic acidosis, a high osmolar gap, and urinalysis reveals envelope-shaped calcium oxalate crystals.Fomepizole
- A 50-year-old agricultural worker is brought to the emergency department with excessive salivation, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea, pinpoint pupils, and diffuse muscle fasciculations.Atropine
- A 62-year-old woman presents with profound bradycardia, hypotension, and hypoglycemia after intentionally ingesting a large amount of her home cardiovascular medications.Glucagon
Answer
Acetaminophen toxicity is treated with N-acetylcysteine; salicylate toxicity with sodium bicarbonate; ethylene glycol toxicity with fomepizole; organophosphate poisoning with atropine; and beta-blocker overdose with glucagon.
Each correct pair links a classic toxicological presentation to its definitive pharmacological treatment based on the underlying mechanism of toxicity.
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept
Recognition of common toxicological emergencies and their specific antidotes is crucial for reducing morbidity and mortality in overdose patients.