Match the following classic pediatric clinical presentations and physical examination findings with their most likely underlying congenital heart disorder.
- Continuous, 'machine-like' murmur best heard at the left infraclavicular area, associated with widened pulse pressure and bounding peripheral pulses.Patent ductus arteriosus
- Harsh, holosystolic murmur best heard at the left lower sternal border, often accompanied by a palpable thrill, in an otherwise acyanotic infant.Ventricular septal defect
- Harsh systolic ejection murmur at the left upper sternal border, a single S2, and episodic severe cyanosis relieved by knee-chest positioning.Tetralogy of Fallot
- Decreased and delayed femoral pulses compared to brachial pulses, upper extremity hypertension, and a systolic murmur heard over the left interscapular area.Coarctation of the aorta
- Profound cyanosis within hours of birth, a single S2, and an 'egg-on-a-string' appearance of the cardiac silhouette on chest radiography.Transposition of the great arteries
Answer
The correct matching aligns Patent ductus arteriosus with a continuous machine-like murmur, Ventricular septal defect with a holosystolic lower sternal border murmur, Tetralogy of Fallot with a systolic ejection murmur and cyanotic spells, Coarctation of the aorta with brachial-femoral pulse delay, and Transposition of the great arteries with neonatal cyanosis and an 'egg-on-a-string' chest X-ray.
Each clinical presentation contains pathognomonic physical examination and imaging findings that correspond to a specific congenital heart defect. Accurate diagnosis relies on identifying key features such as murmur timing (continuous versus holosystolic), location, cyanosis presence, and pulse character.
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept
Clinical presentation and pathognomonic physical examination findings of common congenital heart defects.
Estimated Time:1m 30s