Evaluate the following distinct patient scenarios and pair each clinical description with the most accurate psychiatric diagnosis.
- A 5-year-old boy frequently loses his temper, actively defies requests from adults, and deliberately annoys others. He does not physically harm people or animals.Oppositional defiant disorder
- A 15-year-old boy frequently skips school, has been caught shoplifting multiple times, and recently initiated a physical fight resulting in injury to a peer.Conduct disorder
- A 6-year-old boy exhibits persistent deficits in social communication, avoids eye contact, and insists on eating the exact same meal every day, becoming highly distressed by small changes.Autism spectrum disorder
- A 12-year-old boy has exhibited excessive eye blinking, facial grimacing, and repetitive throat clearing for the past 14 months.Tourette syndrome
- A 9-year-old girl frequently makes careless mistakes on schoolwork, has difficulty sustaining attention in class, often loses her belongings, and seems not to listen when spoken to directly.Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, inattentive presentation
Answer
The correct pairings match the 5-year-old with oppositional defiant disorder, the 15-year-old with conduct disorder, the 6-year-old with autism spectrum disorder, the 12-year-old with Tourette syndrome, and the 9-year-old with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Each vignette aligns with specific diagnostic criteria outlined in the DSM-5. Oppositional defiant disorder is marked by defiance without severe rights violations. Conduct disorder involves aggression, theft, or severe rule-breaking. Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by social communication deficits and repetitive behaviors. Tourette syndrome requires both motor and vocal tics persisting for over a year. ADHD inattentive presentation features prominent focus and organizational deficits without significant hyperactivity.
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept
Differential diagnosis of childhood psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders
Estimated Time:1m 30s