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Difficulty: EasyNephrology

Match the following diuretic medications with their primary site and mechanism of action within the nephron.

  • AcetazolamideInhibits carbonic anhydrase in the proximal convoluted tubule
  • FurosemideInhibits the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle
  • HydrochlorothiazideInhibits the Na+-Cl- cotransporter in the early distal convoluted tubule
  • SpironolactoneAntagonizes aldosterone receptors in the cortical collecting duct

Answer

Acetazolamide matches with the proximal convoluted tubule; Furosemide matches with the thick ascending limb; Hydrochlorothiazide matches with the early distal convoluted tubule; Spironolactone matches with the cortical collecting duct.
Each class of diuretics has a specific molecular target along the nephron, which determines its clinical indications, efficacy, and side effect profile.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the target for Acetazolamide
Proximal convoluted tubule
Acetazolamide inhibits carbonic anhydrase, which is predominantly located in the proximal convoluted tubule.
2
Identify the target for Furosemide
Thick ascending limb
Loop diuretics like furosemide block the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle.
3
Identify the target for Hydrochlorothiazide
Early distal convoluted tubule
Thiazide diuretics block the Na+-Cl- cotransporter located in the early segment of the distal convoluted tubule.
4
Identify the target for Spironolactone
Cortical collecting duct
Spironolactone acts as an aldosterone receptor antagonist in the principal cells of the cortical collecting duct.

Key Concept

Mechanisms and sites of action of diuretic classes
Estimated Time:45s
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Topics

Nephrology

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