Question

An internal medicine physician is participating in a departmental case review in an outpatient clinic. The case involves a 48-year-old woman who presented with chronic fatigue, constipation, and intermittent palpitations. At the beginning of the encounter, the physician noted that the patient's electronic health record prominently displayed a prior diagnosis of major depressive disorder on the summary screen. Upon seeing this, the physician immediately formulated a working diagnosis of inadequately treated depression with somatic symptoms. Despite the patient explicitly describing new-onset bone pain and stating that her mood had actually been stable, the physician did not perform a physical examination or order any laboratory investigations. Instead, the physician increased the dose of her selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and referred her for psychotherapy. Six weeks later, the patient was diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism after presenting to the emergency department with a serum calcium level of $12.1$ mg/dL. The case review committee concludes that the physician's diagnostic process was derailed because they locked onto the prominent psychiatric history presented at the start of the encounter and failed to appropriately adjust their differential diagnosis when presented with new, incongruent clinical evidence.

Which of the following cognitive biases is most accurately described by the committee's findings?