Match each clinical presentation with the single most appropriate evidence-based screening, immunization, or preventive intervention.
- A 45-year-old man with no chronic medical conditions and no family history of malignancyInitiate colorectal cancer screening with a stool-based test or direct visualization
- A 67-year-old man who smoked cigarettes for 15 years but quit smoking at age 35Perform a one-time ultrasound of the abdomen to evaluate for aortic aneurysm
- A 65-year-old woman with no chronic medical conditions who last received a tetanus booster 5 years agoAdminister a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
- A 38-year-old woman with a body mass index of 33 kg/m² and normal blood pressureOrder a hemoglobin A1c or fasting plasma glucose test
Answer
The 45-year-old man requires colorectal cancer screening; the 67-year-old former smoker requires abdominal aortic aneurysm screening; the 65-year-old woman requires pneumococcal vaccination; and the 38-year-old woman with obesity requires diabetes screening.
Appropriate preventive care requires matching patient-specific demographic factors—such as age, sex, BMI, and smoking history—with current USPSTF and ACIP guidelines. Colorectal screening universally begins at age 45. AAA screening applies to men 65-75 with any smoking history. Pneumococcal vaccines are universally indicated at age 65. Diabetes screening is indicated for overweight and obese adults starting at age 35.
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept
Application of age- and risk-based USPSTF and ACIP preventive care guidelines across diverse adult populations.