Match each physical examination maneuver of the shoulder with the specific underlying pathology or pathophysiological mechanism it is primarily designed to assess.
- Hawkins-Kennedy testCompression of the supraspinatus tendon against the coracoacromial arch
- Lift-off testTear or dysfunction of the subscapularis tendon
- Cross-body adduction testDegenerative joint disease of the acromioclavicular (AC) joint
- O'Brien test (Active compression test)Superior labrum anterior and posterior (SLAP) tear
Answer
Hawkins-Kennedy evaluates coracoacromial arch impingement; Lift-off evaluates subscapularis dysfunction; Cross-body adduction evaluates AC joint pathology; O'Brien evaluates SLAP tears.
Each physical exam maneuver is biomechanically designed to stress a specific anatomical structure in the shoulder. The Hawkins-Kennedy maneuver compresses the subacromial space. The lift-off maneuver isolates the subscapularis muscle. Cross-body adduction compresses the AC joint. The O'Brien maneuver stresses the superior labrum.
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept
Accurate localization of shoulder pathology requires specific provocative physical examination maneuvers that isolate distinct anatomical structures.