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Zorluk: ZorIdentifying Independent, Dependent, and Controlled Variables

Atmospheric researchers conducted an experiment inside a sealed environmental chamber maintained at a constant ambient temperature of 20.0∘C20.0^\circ\text{C} and a constant airflow velocity of 0.5 m/s0.5\text{ m/s}. The researchers adjusted the relative humidity (RHRH) across four distinct test runs (40%40\%, 50%50\%, 60%60\%, and 70%70\%) while keeping the surface area and material of the condensing plate identical. After 60 minutes60\text{ minutes} for each run, the total mass of condensed water on the plate surface was recorded.

Based on this experimental setup, which of the following correctly identifies the independent variable, the dependent variable, and one controlled variable in this investigation?

  1. Independent variable: relative humidity (RHRH); Dependent variable: total mass of condensed water; Controlled variable: ambient temperatureCevap
  2. B
    Independent variable: total mass of condensed water; Dependent variable: relative humidity (RHRH); Controlled variable: airflow velocity
  3. C
    Independent variable: relative humidity (RHRH); Dependent variable: ambient temperature; Controlled variable: total mass of condensed water
  4. D
    Independent variable: surface area of condensing plate; Dependent variable: relative humidity (RHRH); Controlled variable: duration of test run

Cevap

The independent variable is relative humidity (RHRH), the dependent variable is the total mass of condensed water, and a controlled variable is the ambient temperature.
The option identifying relative humidity as the independent variable, mass of condensed water as the dependent variable, and ambient temperature as a controlled variable is correct because relative humidity was deliberately altered across test runs to observe its effect on condensation mass, while temperature was held constant at 20.0∘C20.0^\circ\text{C}.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the independent variable (the factor intentionally manipulated by the experimenters).
The relative humidity (RHRH) was altered across four specific levels (40%40\%, 50%50\%, 60%60\%, and 70%70\%), so RHRH is the independent variable.
The independent variable is the condition tested or varied systematically between trials.
2
Identify the dependent variable (the factor measured to observe the effect of the manipulation).
The total mass of condensed water was recorded after 60 minutes60\text{ minutes} for each run, so condensation mass is the dependent variable.
The dependent variable responds to changes made to the independent variable and is the measured output of the experiment.
3
Identify a controlled variable (a factor kept constant to ensure a fair test).
The ambient temperature (20.0∘C20.0^\circ\text{C}), airflow velocity (0.5 m/s0.5\text{ m/s}), plate surface area/material, and test duration (60 minutes60\text{ minutes}) were all held constant.
Controlled variables must remain unchanged so that observed changes in the dependent variable can be attributed solely to the independent variable.

Anahtar Kavram

Classification of experimental variables (Independent, Dependent, and Controlled)
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Konular

Identifying Independent, Dependent, and Controlled Variables

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