Soru

[1] In the pitch-black depths of the Mariana Trench, hydrothermal vents spew superheated, mineral-rich water into the freezing ocean. [2] For decades, scientists assumed these abyssal zones were barren deserts, devoid of life due to the crushing pressure and lack of sunlight. [3] However, recent expeditions have revealed thriving ecosystems clustered around these vents, sustained not by photosynthesis, but by chemosynthesis. [4] These organisms rely on specialized metabolic pathways to convert inorganic chemicals into energy, demonstrating a remarkable adaptation to an environment once thought entirely uninhabitable. [5] Specifically, certain species of bacteria form the foundation of this food web by extracting energy from the chemical bonds of hydrogen sulfide.

The writer wants to add a sentence after Sentence 1 that provides the most specific, concrete evidence of the extreme physical conditions under which these extremophiles survive. Which choice best accomplishes this goal?