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Zorluk: KolayRecognizing Explicit Cause and Effect

Passage:
In polar regions, glaciologists extract deep ice cores to reconstruct past atmospheric conditions. As snow accumulates and gradually compacts into glacial ice, tiny bubbles of atmospheric gas become trapped within the ice matrix. However, when drilling down past depths of roughly 600 meters, researchers encounter the brittle ice zone. At these depths, the immense hydrostatic pressure forces atmospheric gases to dissolve directly into the ice crystal structure, forming clathrate hydrates rather than distinct gas bubbles. Because these gas hydrates are stored under intense pressure, bringing ice cores to the surface causes the trapped gas to expand rapidly as external pressure drops. This rapid expansion creates micro-fractures in the core, making the ice extremely fragile and prone to shattering upon retrieval. To prevent core destruction, scientists must store freshly drilled brittle ice cores in relaxation chambers for up to a year, allowing the internal pressure within the crystal lattice to equalize before handling.

Based on the passage, what explicitly causes ice cores from the brittle ice zone to shatter upon retrieval at the surface?

  1. The rapid expansion of trapped gas hydrates as external pressure drops at the surfaceCevap
  2. B
    The immense hydrostatic pressure exerted by overlying glacial ice at depths greater than 600 meters
  3. C
    The failure of atmospheric gases to dissolve into the ice crystal structure during initial compaction
  4. D
    The gradual equalization of internal crystal lattice pressures while stored in relaxation chambers

Cevap

Ice cores from the brittle ice zone shatter upon retrieval because trapped gas hydrates expand rapidly when external pressure decreases at the surface.
The correct answer accurately reflects the explicitly stated cause in the passage: as ice cores are brought to the surface, the sudden reduction in external pressure causes trapped clathrate hydrates to expand rapidly, generating micro-fractures that shatter the ice.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Locate the explicit discussion of core fracturing and shattering in the passage.
The text states that bringing cores to the surface causes trapped gas hydrates to expand rapidly as external pressure drops.
Identifying the specific sentence describing core damage isolates the cause-and-effect relationship.
2
Connect the stated cause directly to the shattering effect.
The passage explains that this rapid expansion creates micro-fractures, which makes the ice prone to shattering.
Matching the explicitly stated cause directly answers the question.

Anahtar Kavram

Recognizing Explicit Cause and Effect
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Recognizing Explicit Cause and Effect

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