Soru

During the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE, the town of Herculaneum was buried under volcanic material. Unlike Pompeii, which was showered with lightweight ash and lapilli, Herculaneum was inundated by hot, dense pyroclastic flows. This intense heat, which reached temperatures of over $400^\circ\text{C}$, rapidly carbonized the organic materials inside the town's buildings, including hundreds of papyrus scrolls housed in a luxurious villa. While this carbonization carbon-coated and preserved the scrolls from decaying over the millennia, it also fused the delicate layers of papyrus together, making them extremely fragile and virtually impossible to unroll physically without shattering them. In recent years, researchers have turned to non-invasive X-ray phase-contrast tomography. This advanced imaging technique allows scientists to detect the subtle differences in density between the carbonized papyrus and the ancient ink, which contained metallic residues. By capturing these microscopic variations, the technology reconstructs the text in three dimensions, enabling scholars to read the rolled-up scrolls without physically touching them.

Based on the passage, the carbonization of the papyrus scrolls had which of the following direct effects?