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Zorluk: OrtaIdentifying Independent, Dependent, and Controlled Variables

A team of biomechanical engineers investigated how stride frequency influences peak knee joint contact force during treadmill running. Ten distance runners completed four trials on an instrumented treadmill at a constant running velocity of 4.0 m/s4.0\text{ m/s} while wearing identical running shoes. Across trials, stride frequency was set to 150150, 160160, 170170, or 180 steps/min180\text{ steps/min} using a rhythmic auditory metronome. Sensors in the treadmill measured the peak knee joint contact force in body weights (BW\text{BW}) during each stance phase. Which of the following identifies the dependent variable in this experiment?

  1. Peak knee joint contact forceCevap
  2. B
    Stride frequency
  3. C
    Running velocity of 4.0 m/s4.0\text{ m/s}
  4. D
    Type of footwear worn by runners

Cevap

The dependent variable is the peak knee joint contact force.
The dependent variable represents the outcome measured by researchers to determine the effect of the experimental manipulation. In this study, peak knee joint contact force is measured in response to changes in stride frequency.

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1
Identify the factor systematically manipulated by the experimenters (Independent Variable).
The researchers intentionally varied the stride frequency (150150, 160160, 170170, and 180 steps/min180\text{ steps/min}).
The independent variable is the cause or factor being tested.
2
Identify the outcome or measurement recorded to assess the effect of the manipulation (Dependent Variable).
The treadmill sensors recorded the peak knee joint contact force in body weights (BW\text{BW}).
The dependent variable responds to changes made to the independent variable.
3
Identify variables kept constant across all conditions (Controlled Variables).
Running velocity (4.0 m/s4.0\text{ m/s}) and footwear type were kept identical.
Controlled variables ensure that changes in the dependent variable are strictly due to the independent variable.

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Identifying Independent, Dependent, and Controlled Variables
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Identifying Independent, Dependent, and Controlled Variables

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