Soru

The following passage is adapted from an essay about the introduction of London's underground transit system in the nineteenth century.

When the Metropolitan Railway first burrowed beneath London in 1863, the public reaction was a volatile mixture of pride and visceral horror. To its proponents, the subterranean line was an engineering marvel, a testament to Victorian progress that would sweep away the city's crippling surface congestion. Yet to the average commuter, venturing into these damp, smoke-choked brick tunnels felt less like riding the wave of the future and more like descending into a mechanical underworld. Conservative commentators decried the project as a reckless violation of the earth, predicting that the rumbling trains would cause buildings above to collapse. That the railway survived this initial wave of dread and quickly became an indispensable artery of urban life speaks to the city’s capacity to normalize the extraordinary, converting a subterranean nightmare into a mundane daily routine.

Based on the passage, the author's attitude toward the public's initial apprehension regarding the Metropolitan Railway is best described as which of the following?