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Zorluk: Çok zorTriangle Properties and Angle Theorems

In ABC\triangle ABC, the lengths of sides ABAB and ACAC are both 1313. A point DD lies on side BCBC such that ADAD is an integer. If the perimeter of ABD\triangle ABD is equal to the perimeter of ACD\triangle ACD, what is the sum of all possible integer values for the length of BCBC?

Cevap: 34

Cevap

34
The perimeters of ABD\triangle ABD and ACD\triangle ACD are equal, and since AB=AC=13AB = AC = 13, this forces BD=CDBD = CD, making DD the midpoint of BCBC. In the isosceles triangle ABC\triangle ABC, the median ADAD is perpendicular to BCBC, making ABD\triangle ABD a right triangle. By the Pythagorean theorem, BD2+AD2=169BD^2 + AD^2 = 169. Since ADAD is an integer, BDBD must also be an integer (a half-integer would result in AD2AD^2 ending in .25.25, which cannot be a perfect square of an integer). The only positive integer solutions for (BD,AD)(BD, AD) are (5,12)(5, 12) and (12,5)(12, 5). This results in BC=2BDBC = 2 \cdot BD being either 1010 or 2424. The sum of these possible values is 10+24=3410 + 24 = 34.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Set the perimeters of ABD\triangle ABD and ACD\triangle ACD equal to each other.
BD=CDBD = CD
Since AB=AC=13AB = AC = 13, equating AB+BD+AD=AC+CD+ADAB + BD + AD = AC + CD + AD simplifies directly to BD=CDBD = CD.
2
Determine the relationship between ADAD and BCBC.
ABD\triangle ABD is a right triangle with hypotenuse 1313.
In an isosceles triangle, the median to the base is also the altitude, so ADBCAD \perp BC.
3
Apply the Pythagorean theorem to ABD\triangle ABD.
BD2+AD2=169BD^2 + AD^2 = 169
The sum of the squares of the legs in right triangle ABD\triangle ABD must equal the square of the hypotenuse AB=13AB = 13.
4
Analyze the parity and integer constraints of BDBD and ADAD.
BDBD must be a positive integer.
If BDBD were a half-integer, BD2BD^2 would end in .25.25, preventing AD2AD^2 from being an integer, which contradicts the given condition that ADAD is an integer.
5
Identify the Pythagorean triples with a hypotenuse of 1313.
(BD,AD){(5,12),(12,5)}(BD, AD) \in \{(5, 12), (12, 5)\}
The only positive integer solutions to x2+y2=132x^2 + y^2 = 13^2 are (5,12)(5, 12) and (12,5)(12, 5).
6
Calculate the possible lengths of BCBC and sum them.
BC{10,24}BC \in \{10, 24\}, and their sum is 3434.
Since DD is the midpoint of BCBC, the length of BCBC is 2BD2 \cdot BD, yielding 25=102 \cdot 5 = 10 and 212=242 \cdot 12 = 24. Both satisfy the triangle inequality because BC<AB+AC=26BC < AB + AC = 26.

Anahtar Kavram

Properties of Isosceles Triangles and the Pythagorean Theorem
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