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Zorluk: OrtaIdentifying Independent, Dependent, and Controlled Variables

A team of aerosol scientists investigated the drying kinetics of levitated liquid microdroplets in an acoustic levitation chamber. In four separate trials, the relative humidity inside the chamber was adjusted to 10%10\%, 30%30\%, 50%50\%, or 70%70\%. In all trials, the acoustic transducer frequency was maintained at 40 kHz40\text{ kHz}, the ambient temperature was held constant at 22∘C22^\circ\text{C}, and each droplet had an initial volume of 5.0 μL5.0\text{ }\mu\text{L}. The researchers measured the rate of droplet volume reduction over time.

Match each experimental component on the left with its corresponding variable role on the right.

  • Relative humidity level inside the chamber (10%10\%, 30%30\%, 50%50\%, 70%70\%)Independent Variable (manipulated parameter)
  • Rate of droplet volume reduction over timeDependent Variable (measured response)
  • Initial microdroplet volume (5.0 μL5.0\text{ }\mu\text{L})Controlled Variable (constant sample parameter)
  • Acoustic transducer frequency (40 kHz40\text{ kHz})Controlled Variable (constant apparatus parameter)

Cevap

Relative humidity is the independent variable; rate of droplet volume reduction is the dependent variable; initial microdroplet volume and acoustic transducer frequency are controlled variables.
Relative humidity is the parameter deliberately varied (10%10\%, 30%30\%, 50%50\%, 70%70\%) to test its impact, making it the independent variable. The rate of droplet volume reduction is the measured response that changes as a function of humidity, making it the dependent variable. Initial droplet volume and acoustic transducer frequency are held constant across all test runs to isolate the effect of humidity, making them controlled variables.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the factor intentionally altered across experimental trials.
The relative humidity inside the chamber was deliberately set to four distinct values (10%10\%, 30%30\%, 50%50\%, 70%70\%), identifying it as the independent variable.
The independent variable is the condition manipulated by experimenters to evaluate its influence on an outcome.
2
Identify the outcome measured during the experiment.
The rate of droplet volume reduction over time was recorded as humidity changed, identifying it as the dependent variable.
The dependent variable represents the response or yield resulting from changes to the independent variable.
3
Identify the parameters maintained without change throughout the experiment.
Initial droplet volume (5.0 μL5.0\text{ }\mu\text{L}), transducer frequency (40 kHz40\text{ kHz}), and ambient temperature (22∘C22^\circ\text{C}) were kept identical across all trials, identifying them as controlled variables.
Controlled variables ensure that observed variations in the dependent variable are solely attributable to the independent variable.

Anahtar Kavram

Distinguishing independent, dependent, and controlled variables in experimental research.
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Identifying Independent, Dependent, and Controlled Variables

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