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Zorluk: OrtaEvaluating Argument Strength and Credibility

Many marine biologists argue that anthropogenic ocean noise—primarily from commercial shipping vessels and military sonar—disrupts the communication networks of baleen whales. To support this claim, researchers point to studies showing that blue whales alter the pitch and timing of their vocalizations when high-traffic shipping lanes overlap with their feeding grounds. However, Dr. Aris Vance argues that these vocal alterations have only been documented in short-term studies spanning a few weeks. According to Vance, there is no definitive longitudinal data demonstrating that these temporary vocal adjustments lead to long-term population declines or reproductive failure. Consequently, he claims that the warnings about shipping noise threatening whale survival are currently unsupported by credible evidence.

Dr. Vance’s argument that warnings about shipping noise are unsupported would be most directly weakened by which of the following findings?

  1. A multi-decade study revealing a significant decline in reproduction rates among baleen whales frequently exposed to shipping traffic.Cevap
  2. B
    An experiment showing that blue whales immediately return to their baseline vocalizations once shipping vessels leave their feeding grounds.
  3. C
    A scientific survey showing that a large majority of marine mammal researchers believe ocean noise is a critical conservation issue.
  4. D
    A measurement indicating that commercial shipping vessels produce lower-frequency noises than military sonar systems do.

Cevap

A multi-decade study revealing a significant decline in reproduction rates among baleen whales frequently exposed to shipping traffic.
The correct answer is the finding regarding a multi-decade study showing a decline in reproduction rates. The scientist's main argument relies on the premise that no longitudinal data exists connecting shipping noise to long-term population decline or reproductive issues. Providing long-term data that directly links noise exposure to reduced calving rates invalidates this premise and severely weakens the argument.

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1
Identify the core claim and evidence requirement of the argument to be weakened.
The scientist argues that warnings are unsupported because there is no long-term (longitudinal) data linking temporary vocal changes to population decline or reproductive failure.
To weaken this argument, we must find a choice that provides the specific type of evidence the scientist claims does not exist.
2
Evaluate the choices to see which one provides longitudinal data on population or reproductive harm.
The option concerning a multi-decade study showing reduced reproduction rates directly provides long-term evidence of reproductive decline.
This directly contradicts the premise that such evidence is unavailable, thereby undermining the scientist's conclusion.

Anahtar Kavram

Evaluating the strength of an argument by identifying evidence that contradicts its core assumptions or premises.
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
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Evaluating Argument Strength and Credibility

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