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Zorluk: OrtaIdentifying Independent, Dependent, and Controlled Variables

A team of materials scientists investigated the damping performance of magnetorheological (MR) fluids for automotive suspension systems. Identical 50 mL50\text{ mL} MR fluid samples at a constant temperature of 25∘C25^\circ\text{C} were exposed to four different magnetic field strengths (0.1 T0.1\text{ T}, 0.3 T0.3\text{ T}, 0.5 T0.5\text{ T}, and 0.7 T0.7\text{ T}) while maintaining a constant rheometer shear rate of 100 s−1100\text{ s}^{-1}. The apparent yield stress of the fluid was measured for each trial.

Match each experimental factor on the left with its correct variable classification on the right.

  • Magnetic field strength (0.1 T0.1\text{ T} to 0.7 T0.7\text{ T})Independent variable
  • Apparent yield stress of the MR fluidDependent variable
  • Fluid sample volume (50 mL50\text{ mL}) and temperature (25∘C25^\circ\text{C})Controlled variable

Cevap

Magnetic field strength is the independent variable; Apparent yield stress is the dependent variable; Fluid sample volume and temperature are controlled variables.
Magnetic field strength is the condition intentionally varied by the researchers, making it the independent variable. The apparent yield stress changes in response to the magnetic field and is the measured outcome, making it the dependent variable. Fluid sample volume and temperature are kept constant to prevent them from confounding the results, making them controlled variables.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the variable intentionally varied by the experimenters across trials.
Magnetic field strength is changed between 0.1 T0.1\text{ T} and 0.7 T0.7\text{ T}.
The parameter directly manipulated to test its effect is the independent variable.
2
Identify the factor measured to evaluate the outcome of the manipulation.
Apparent yield stress is measured during each experimental run.
The observed response or measured data point is the dependent variable.
3
Identify parameters held constant throughout all conditions.
Fluid sample volume (50 mL50\text{ mL}), temperature (25∘C25^\circ\text{C}), and shear rate (100 s−1100\text{ s}^{-1}) remain fixed.
Factors kept unchanged to eliminate alternative explanations for observed changes are controlled variables.

Anahtar Kavram

Distinguishing between independent, dependent, and controlled variables in experimental design.
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Identifying Independent, Dependent, and Controlled Variables

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