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Zorluk: OrtaCause-and-Effect Relationships

Passage:

During the mid-nineteenth century, cities were expanding rapidly, but their vertical growth was severely constrained. While buildings could physically be constructed several stories high, upper floors remained highly undesirable due to the physical toll of climbing stairs. Early hoists and elevators existed, but they were notoriously unreliable and dangerous; if a hoisting cable snapped, the platform fell freely to the ground, often resulting in fatal accidents. This safety hazard changed in 1853 when Elisha Otis demonstrated his new 'safety elevator.' Otis installed a revolutionary mechanism: a steel wagon spring attached to the top of the elevator platform, which remained flexed under the tension of the hoisting cable. If the cable broke, the tension was released, causing the spring to snap outward and catch into guide rails lining the shaft, instantly locking the platform in place. The demonstration of this fail-safe device immediately reassured developers and the public. Consequently, the safety elevator catalyzed an architectural revolution, transforming upper levels from low-rent storage spaces into premium penthouses, and enabling the widespread construction of steel-frame skyscrapers that redefined urban skylines.

Based on the passage, the introduction of Otis's safety elevator directly caused which of the following changes in urban architecture and development?

  1. A
    The creation of high-rent penthouses and steel-frame skyscrapers pressured developers to invent the safety elevator.
  2. It allowed for the construction of tall skyscrapers and shifted upper building levels from low-rent storage to premium living spaces.Cevap
  3. C
    The physical strain of climbing stairs made the upper floors of mid-nineteenth-century buildings highly undesirable.
  4. D
    The snapping of hoisting cables caused early elevator platforms to fall freely to the ground, resulting in fatal accidents.

Cevap

The introduction of the safety elevator allowed for the construction of tall skyscrapers and shifted upper building levels from low-rent storage to premium living spaces.
The correct answer is correct because the passage explicitly states that the safety elevator 'catalyzed an architectural revolution, transforming upper levels from low-rent storage spaces into premium penthouses, and enabling the widespread construction of steel-frame skyscrapers.' This directly shows the causal link between the invention and these architectural changes.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the target cause-and-effect relationship in the question stem.
The question asks for the direct effect (change in urban architecture and development) of a specific cause (the introduction of Otis's safety elevator).
Understanding what is being asked helps focus on the correct portion of the text describing the consequences of the safety elevator.
2
Locate the mention of Otis's safety elevator and trace the subsequent developments described in the passage.
The passage states that the demonstration of the device reassured developers, and 'Consequently, the safety elevator catalyzed an architectural revolution... enabling the widespread construction of steel-frame skyscrapers...'
This sentence establishes the direct causal connection between the safety elevator and changes in architectural design and urban development.
3
Evaluate the options against the identified cause-and-effect relationship.
The option stating it allowed for the construction of tall skyscrapers and shifted upper levels to premium spaces matches the text's description of the elevator's effects.
Matching the textual evidence to the options ensures the selected answer is correct and avoids common distractors like reversed causality or unrelated details.

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Cause-and-Effect Relationships
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Cause-and-Effect Relationships

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