A botanist conducted a 6-week experiment to evaluate the efficacy of three newly developed… — ACT

A botanist conducted a 6-week experiment to evaluate the efficacy of three newly developed organic fertilizers ( $F_1$ , $F_2$ , and $F_3$ ) on the growth rate of *Solanum lycopersicum* (tomato plants). All groups were maintained under controlled environmental conditions ( $22^\circ\text{C}$ , 16-hour light cycle). Match each experimental group setup to its corresponding functional role in the experiment.

Group P: Plants grown in standard potting soil watered with pure distilled water (no fertilizer added)Negative Control Group: Provides baseline growth performance in normal soil without any active fertilizer treatment
Group Q: Plants grown in standard potting soil treated with a known, commercially proven reference fertilizerPositive Control Group: Demonstrates that the setup can respond to a known effective growth-enhancing treatment
Group R: Plants grown in standard potting soil treated with new fertilizer formulation $F_1$ Experimental Treatment Group: Directly tests the specific efficacy of an unproven experimental variable
Group S: Plants grown in an inert nutrient-free sand medium watered with pure distilled waterSubstrate Baseline Control Group: Isolates and measures the baseline nutrient contribution from the potting soil itself

Cevap

Group P matches Negative Control Group; Group Q matches Positive Control Group; Group R matches Experimental Treatment Group; Group S matches Substrate Baseline Control Group.

Correctly identifying control groups requires analyzing which variables are held constant, omitted, or benchmarked. Group P omits fertilizer to establish the negative baseline in standard soil. Group Q applies a known effective fertilizer as a positive baseline control. Group R tests the new fertilizer variable (

F_1

). Group S removes soil nutrients entirely to assess the substrate baseline effect.

Adım Adım Çözüm

Identify the role of Group P (standard soil + distilled water)

Since no fertilizer treatment is applied, Group P measures baseline growth in standard soil, defining it as the negative control.

Negative controls establish baseline conditions by withholding the independent variable.

Identify the role of Group Q (standard soil + known commercial fertilizer)

Group Q applies a treatment known to enhance growth, defining it as the positive control.

Positive controls verify that the system can exhibit the expected effect under an established benchmark.

Identify the role of Group R (standard soil + novel fertilizer formulation F1)

Group R receives the actual experimental variable being tested, making it an experimental treatment group.

Experimental groups contain the manipulated independent variable under evaluation.

Identify the role of Group S (inert sand + distilled water)

Group S eliminates both soil nutrients and fertilizer, isolating background soil nutrient contributions.

Removing all organic substrate isolates the baseline nutrient contributions of the standard soil.

Anahtar Kavram

Determining Control Groups and Baseline Conditions

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