Tüm alıştırma soruları

While exploring deep-sea hydrothermal vents, astrobiologists identified several unstable, vibrant, complex, organic, compounds, and they hypothesized that these chemicals could support microbial life.

Which of the following choices best punctuates the underlined portion of the sentence?

[1] In 1766, Jeanne Baret embarked on a global voyage disguised as a male assistant to the naturalist Philibert Commerson. [2] Because Commerson suffered from poor health, Baret had to perform much of the physical labor under demanding conditions. [3] During their stops in South America, she carried heavy equipment while collecting plants. [4] In Brazil, her tireless efforts led to the discovery of a vibrant climbing vine that Commerson named *Bougainvillea* in honor of their expedition commander.

Which of the following choices, if substituted for the bolded portion of Sentence 3, best supports the claim that Baret performed demanding physical labor by providing the most specific, concrete visual details?

A writer is editing a draft of an essay about Mesoamerican agriculture.

[1] The chinampas, an ancient Mesoamerican agricultural system often referred to as "floating gardens," were highly efficient farming plots built on shallow lake beds. [2] By layering mud, decaying vegetation, and reeds, Aztec farmers created nutrient-rich fields that could support multiple harvests per year. [3] ______________ [4] Consequently, this innovative system played a vital role in feeding the rapidly growing population of the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan.

The writer wants to insert a sentence at point [3] that provides the most specific and concrete detail to support the claim in sentence [2] regarding the productivity of the fields. Which choice best accomplishes this goal?

Before the gala, the curator carefully arranged the fragile, ancient, manuscripts, and she polished the brass display cases, that would house the new exhibit.

Which choice represents the correct punctuation for the underlined portion of the sentence?

To become a certified master chef, candidates must master three distinct culinary techniques, which include: braising, poaching, and emulsifying.

Which option best replaces the underlined portion of the sentence?

Yellowstone National Park is famous for its geothermal features, such as geysers and hot springs. Among these, Old Faithful is the most renowned, drawing millions of visitors each year who wait to watch its predictable eruptions.

[1] ____________________. Due to the high concentration of silica in the hot water, a unique glass-like rock forms around the geysers. This mineral crust, known as siliceous sinter, creates the distinct mounds and terraced structures that characterize Yellowstone’s volcanic landscape.

Which choice, if inserted at the blank in Paragraph [1], would most effectively introduce the main topic of the paragraph?

In the late afternoon, thousands of starlings gather in the sky to perform complex aerial maneuvers known as murmurations. These synchronized flocks shape-shift fluidly without any single leader directing the group; each bird simply responds to the movements of its closest neighbors.

Which of the following alternatives to the underlined portion is grammatically correct?

[1] In the early twentieth century, Japanese-American artist Chiura Obata captured the grandeur of the California wilderness through his unique fusion of traditional Japanese ink-painting techniques and Western landscape styles. [2] During his 1927 trek through Yosemite National Park, Obata worked tirelessly to document the dramatic topography. [3] He claimed that the park's natural features possessed a spiritual, dynamic energy that could only be captured through precise, expressive brushwork. [4] To convey this sense of raw energy, Obata focused his attention on the park's most iconic geological formations.

The writer wants to add a sentence after Sentence 4 that provides the most specific, concrete visual detail to support the claim in Sentence 3. Which of the following sentences best accomplishes this goal?

During the monsoon season, the steps of the *baoli* (a traditional Indian stepwell) would be submerged, but as the water level receded during dry months, more levels of the structure were revealed. This seasonal rise and fall made the stepwell a dynamic monument, constantly shifting in appearance. In addition to water storage, the stepwells served as cooling chambers; temperatures at the bottom of the descent could be up to six degrees Celsius cooler than at the surface. Modern mechanical cooling systems, which were invented in the early twentieth century, operate on a different thermodynamic principle entirely. This subterranean drop in temperature made the lower ledges of the wells popular gathering spots where local communities could escape the midday heat.

The writer is considering deleting the underlined sentence. Should the writer make this deletion?

A writer is editing a draft of an essay about aerospace engineer Mary Golda Ross.

[1] As the first female Native American aerospace engineer, Mary Golda Ross made critical contributions to the early space age during her time at Lockheed's top-secret Skunk Works division. [2] Although her initial assignments focused on improving the aerodynamics of fighter jets, she was soon transitioned to the burgeoning space program. [3] There, Ross was tasked with developing design concepts for interplanetary space travel. [4] To ensure the success of these journeys, she formulated mathematical models detailing the trajectories required to navigate the gravitational fields of multiple celestial bodies.

The writer wants to revise the underlined portion of sentence 3 ('design concepts for interplanetary space travel') to provide the most specific and concrete details that illustrate the technical scope of Ross’s interplanetary design work. Which choice best accomplishes this goal?

Mauveine's Moment

[1]
In 1856, eighteen-year-old chemistry student William Henry Perkin was attempting to synthesize quinine, a drug used to treat malaria, in his home laboratory in London. During his experiments, he ended up with a dark, sticky sludge in his beaker. Instead of discarding the failed mixture, Perkin investigated further, dilute-washing the substance with alcohol. To his surprise, the solution turned a vibrant, deep purple color.

[2]
This purple substance, which he eventually named mauveine, was the world's first synthetic organic dye. Before Perkin’s accidental discovery, dyes were derived exclusively from natural sources like plants, insects, and minerals. Producing purple dye, in particular, was labor-intensive and expensive, requiring thousands of Mediterranean snails to yield just a tiny amount of color. Consequently, purple clothing had long been a symbol of extreme wealth and royalty.

[3]
Recognizing the commercial potential of his discovery, Perkin patented the process and established a factory to mass-produce the dye. The new dye was cheap to manufacture, highly colorfast, and easily bound to fabrics like silk and cotton. The demand exploded, sparking a fashion craze across Europe and transforming purple from an exclusive luxury into an accessible color for everyday citizens.

[4]
Perkin’s breakthrough laid the foundation for the modern chemical industry. Scientists began synthesizing other colors, leading to a rapid expansion of industrial chemistry and the development of synthetic pharmaceuticals. Perkin’s accidental sludge changed not only the fashion world but also the trajectory of scientific research.

Suppose the writer's goal had been to write an essay that explains the chemical process used to synthesize mauveine from start to finish. Based on the passage, is the statement that the essay successfully achieves this goal true or false?

The following sentences are from a draft of an essay about forest ecology. To ensure that the paragraph logically builds its claim that trees support one another through fungal networks, in what order should the sentences be placed?

The sentences below are from a draft of a scientific essay about marine camouflage. What is the most logical order for these sentences to ensure that the supporting evidence follows the main claim?

To forecast the weather accurately, meteorologists rely on a variety of advanced instruments: barometers, anemometers, and hygrometers.

Which of the following options correctly punctuates the underlined portion of the sentence?

The following sentences are from a draft of an essay about organic chemist Percy Julian. To ensure that the paragraph logically builds its claim that Julian successfully refuted his rival's work, in what order should the sentences be arranged?

In the 1940s, geneticist Barbara McClintock studied the inheritance patterns of maize plants. Her research on transposons, which are DNA sequences that can move within a genome, eventually earned her a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. This groundbreaking work challenged the long-held belief that genes were static entities on chromosomes.

Which choice best punctuates the underlined portion of the sentence?

[1] In the depths of the ocean, hydrothermal vents support unique ecosystems that thrive completely independent of sunlight. [2] Instead of relying on photosynthesis, the primary producers in these environments—specialized bacteria—utilize chemosynthesis to convert chemical energy from the vents' mineral-rich fluids into organic matter. [3] These chemosynthetic bacteria often form symbiotic relationships with larger organisms, such as giant tube worms, which lack mouths and digestive tracts. [4] Tube worms possess bright red plumes filled with hemoglobin that absorb hydrogen sulfide and oxygen from the water. [5] The bacteria reside inside a specialized organ within the tube worm called a trophosome, where they use the raw materials delivered by the worm's bloodstream to produce nutrients. [6] This elegant partnership demonstrates how life can adapt to survive in some of the most extreme conditions on Earth.

The writer is considering deleting Sentence 4 from the passage. Should this sentence be kept or deleted?

Although the two separate engineering teams worked diligently on the locomotive, the crews' primary concern was it's electrical system.

Which choice is the correct spelling and punctuation of the underlined portion of the sentence?

During the 2018 restoration of the Prague Astronomical Clock, conservators replaced the replica of the nineteenth-century calendar dial with a new version. The original paintings by Josef Mánes celebrate Bohemian agricultural life. [2] The new replica, however, featured thick, harsh outlines and stylized features that critics argued belonged in a mid-century comic book rather than on a medieval monument.

The writer wants to add a sentence at Point [2] that establishes a clear stylistic contrast between Mánes's original paintings and the newly installed replica. Which choice best accomplishes this goal?

The following passage contains an underlined portion.

In 1952, British biophysicist Rosalind Franklin captured a groundbreaking X-ray diffraction image of DNA. This photograph, which was known as Photo 51, showed a pattern that was crucial to Watson and Crick’s discovery of the double helix. Today, Franklin is widely recognized for her critical contributions to molecular biology.

Which of the following choices represents the correct punctuation for the underlined portion of the passage?