Read the following excerpt from Mary McLeod Bethune's 1915 address to the National Association of Teachers in Colored Schools:
'Our girls must be taught to meet the demands of the modern home—to cook, to sew, to clean, and to manage budgets. Yet we do not train them only for the kitchen. We must also open the doors of literature, history, and science, so that they may think for themselves, lead their communities, and demand the rights that belong to them as citizens.'
Based on the excerpt, which of the following best describes how Bethune's educational philosophy responded to the contemporary debates surrounding Black education?
- AIt focused exclusively on preparing women for individual economic independence, aligning with the mainstream white feminist educational goals of the era.
- BIt rejected industrial training entirely, arguing that only classical liberal arts could cultivate the leadership needed for racial advancement.
- It integrated vocational training with liberal arts education to prepare Black women for both practical work and civic leadership.Cevap
- DIt advocated for educating Black women specifically to lead schools in newly established West African colonies rather than seeking citizenship in the United States.
Cevap
It integrated vocational training with liberal arts education to prepare Black women for both practical work and civic leadership.
The correct option is correct because Bethune explicitly states that Black girls must be taught both practical domestic skills ('to cook, to sew, to clean') and academic disciplines ('literature, history, and science') in order to lead their communities and demand their rights as citizens. This demonstrates an integration of industrial and liberal arts education to achieve community uplift and civic engagement.
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Anahtar Kavram
The integration of industrial and liberal arts education in the educational philosophies of Black women leaders during the early twentieth century.
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