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Zorluk: KolayThe Great Migration and Demographic Shifts

Read the following excerpt from a letter written by an African American migrant in Chicago to a friend in Mississippi, published in 1917:

"Dear Sir: I am writing you to let you know that I am well and doing fine. I am working in a steel mill and making $4.50 a day, which is more than I could make in a week down there. Best of all, my children are going to a school where there are no separate classes and they can get a real education. I do not have to bow and scrape to anyone."

Based on the excerpt, which of the following was a primary pull factor that attracted the migrant to the North?

  1. A
    The threat of racial violence and economic exploitation in the Jim Crow South
  2. B
    The availability of free government land grants for agricultural settlement in northern territories
  3. The promise of higher wages in industrial jobs and better educational opportunities for childrenCevap
  4. D
    The guarantee of federally enforced voting rights and political offices in northern states

Cevap

The promise of higher wages in industrial jobs and better educational opportunities for children
The correct answer is correct because the writer of the letter explicitly identifies high industrial wages ($4.50 a day in a steel mill) and integrated schooling for children as positive attractions (pull factors) that drew them to Chicago.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the primary source excerpt to identify what the migrant highlights as positive aspects of their new life in Chicago.
The migrant explicitly mentions working in a steel mill making $4.50 a day and their children attending a school with no separate classes.
To identify the specific attractions of the North described in the historical text.
2
Distinguish between push factors (forces driving people out of their home region) and pull factors (attractions drawing people to a new destination).
Industrial wages and access to better schooling are positive attributes of the North, making them pull factors.
To ensure the selected option matches the classification of a pull factor.
3
Evaluate the choices to find the one that accurately describes these positive northern attractions.
The option focusing on higher industrial wages and educational opportunities directly aligns with the text and represents a pull factor.
To select the correct option.

Anahtar Kavram

The Great Migration was driven by a combination of Southern push factors (such as disenfranchisement, Jim Crow segregation, racial terror, and agricultural distress) and Northern pull factors (such as industrial labor shortages during World War I, higher wages, and better educational and social opportunities). Primary source documents like migrant letters help historians distinguish between these factors.
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The Great Migration and Demographic Shifts

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