Read the following excerpt from Henry Highland Garnet’s speech, 'An Address to the Slaves of the United States of America,' delivered at the National Convention of Colored Citizens in Buffalo, New York, in 1843:
'Brethren, arise, arise! Strike for your lives and liberties. Now is the day and the hour... Let your motto be resistance! resistance! resistance! No oppressed people have ever secured their liberty without resistance.'
Which of the following statements best describes the ideological debate within the abolitionist movement that was highlighted by Garnet’s address?
- It represented a shift toward militant resistance and self-defense, challenging the dominant strategy of moral suasion and nonviolence.Cevap
- BIt argued that establishing permanent maroon communities in the Appalachian Mountains was the only practical way to build free societies.
- CIt urged enslaved individuals to prioritize covert everyday resistance, such as breaking tools and slowing down work, over confrontational actions.
- DIt advocated for immediate emigration to West Africa or the Caribbean as the primary path to escaping American oppression.
Cevap
The statement describing the shift toward militant resistance and self-defense, which challenged the dominant strategy of moral suasion and nonviolence.
The correct option is correct because Henry Highland Garnet's 1843 address represented a radical departure from the moral suasion framework that dominated early abolitionism. By urging enslaved people to rise up and resist their oppressors, he validated self-defense and direct militant action as legitimate means of liberation.
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Anahtar Kavram
Black Abolitionism and ideological debates between moral suasion and militant resistance.
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