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Zorluk: OrtaPan-Africanism and Garveyism

Read the excerpt from the declaration of the London-Paris session of the Second Pan-African Congress (1921):

'We ask that the League of Nations take steps to see that the duty of administering colonies for the benefit of the native populations is performed... The League of Nations should establish a great international Bureau of Labor to protect the rights of Black workers worldwide.'

Based on the excerpt and your knowledge of history, which of the following statements best describes how the strategy of W. E. B. Du Bois and the Pan-African Congresses differed from that of Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)?

  1. A
    The Pan-African Congresses rejected any cooperation with Western institutions like the League of Nations, whereas the UNIA relied primarily on petitioning European colonial powers to grant civil rights.
  2. The Pan-African Congresses worked within existing international diplomatic frameworks to lobby for reform, whereas the UNIA focused on mass mobilization to achieve economic self-determination and independent nationhood.Cevap
  3. C
    The Pan-African Congresses advocated for the immediate return of all African Americans to West Africa, whereas the UNIA argued that seeking US citizenship and working within the American legal system was the only path to equality.
  4. D
    The Pan-African Congresses argued that all African societies possessed a single, uniform culture requiring immediate assimilation into European systems, whereas the UNIA celebrated distinct regional African kingdoms.

Cevap

The statement describing the Pan-African Congresses as working within existing international diplomatic frameworks, while the UNIA focused on mass mobilization and independent nationhood.
The correct option correctly contrasts the diplomatic, reform-oriented approach of the Pan-African Congresses with the mass populist, nationalist, and self-reliance focus of Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). The excerpt shows the Congress calling on the League of Nations to intervene, reflecting their reliance on existing international institutions to improve conditions, while Garvey's movement sought to build independent Black-led political and economic institutions.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the provided historical source.
The excerpt shows the Second Pan-African Congress requesting intervention from the League of Nations to protect workers and manage colonial administrations.
This establishes that the Pan-African Congresses utilized international diplomacy, lobbying, and institutional reform to achieve their goals.
2
Recall the strategy and goals of Marcus Garvey and the UNIA.
The UNIA was a mass populist movement focused on economic independence (e.g., Black Star Line), self-reliance, and establishing a separate sovereign Black nation rather than petitioning colonial powers.
This allows for a comparison between the two movements' methods.
3
Identify the statement that correctly contrasts these two distinct approaches.
The correct option highlights the diplomatic lobbying of the Pan-African Congresses in contrast to the mass nationalist self-determination of the UNIA.
This directly answers the prompt's question about how the strategies of W. E. B. Du Bois and Marcus Garvey differed.

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Pan-Africanism and Garveyism
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Pan-Africanism and Garveyism

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