Read the following excerpt from a speech delivered by Frances Ellen Watkins Harper at the World’s Congress of Representative Women in 1893:
"The position of the colored woman in the United States is one of the most interesting and critical in the country. It is not that she has to meet the same difficulties as the white woman, but that she has to face obstacles which are peculiar to her race and condition. In the work of elevation, the colored woman must not only help herself, but she must help to lift others."
Based on this excerpt, which of the following best describes the primary rationale for the development of distinct Black women's reform organizations during the late nineteenth century?
- AThey aimed to replace the political advocacy of Black churches and fraternal orders with purely secular, social clubs.
- They needed to address the intersecting barriers of race and class alongside gender, which mainstream white reform groups frequently neglected.Cevap
- CThey sought to focus exclusively on securing federal voting rights before addressing local economic and social conditions.
- DThey intended to prioritize industrial education programs in direct opposition to advocates of higher academic training.
Cevap
Black women established distinct reform organizations to address the intersecting barriers of race and class alongside gender, which mainstream white women's organizations largely ignored.
The correct answer is correct because the excerpt highlights that African American women faced unique, racialized obstacles distinct from those of white women. This intersection of race and gender meant that mainstream white women's reform organizations did not address their specific needs, necessitating the creation of distinct Black women's clubs like the National Association of Colored Women (NACW) to pursue both racial justice and gender equality.
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Intersectional Activism of the Black Women's Club Movement