Read the following excerpt from James Barbot Jr.’s journal account of a voyage aboard the English slave ship *Albion-Frigate* in 1699:
'We had about one o’clock in the afternoon ... a transition from our usual security to a sudden alarm. The captives, having found a means to cut their irons and unlock their shackles, had gathered on the deck. Armed with pieces of broken iron, wood, and staves from the water casks, they made a desperate attempt to overpower the crew and seize control of the vessel. We were forced to use firearms to suppress them, after they had killed one of our men and wounded several others.'
Which of the following historical conclusions is best supported by Barbot’s account of the uprising aboard the *Albion-Frigate*?
- Enslaved Africans actively organized and executed coordinated collective resistance to attempt to reclaim their freedom during the Middle Passage.Cevap
- BMiddle Passage resistance was restricted to covert individual actions rather than organized collective mutinies.
- CEnslaved Africans were largely passive victims during the Middle Passage who only rebelled when aided by white abolitionists.
- DThe rebellion aboard the ship directly resulted in the British Parliament immediately banning the transatlantic slave trade.
Cevap
Enslaved Africans actively organized and executed coordinated collective resistance to attempt to reclaim their freedom during the Middle Passage.
The correct answer is correct because James Barbot Jr.'s account describes captives unlocking their shackles, arming themselves, and mounting a coordinated assault on the crew, which provides direct historical evidence of collective agency and organized resistance during the Middle Passage.
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Anahtar Kavram
African agency and shipboard rebellions during the Middle Passage