Listen to the following transcript excerpt from an episode of the audio documentary series 'Horizontes Científicos' discussing archaeological conservation at the Cueva de las Manos site in Santa Cruz, Argentina:
'Welcome back to Horizontes Científicos. Today, we examine the multidisciplinary efforts to analyze the pigment composition of the 9,000-year-old rock stencils in the Pinturas River Canyon. While early twentieth-century researchers relied on destructive sampling methods that required removing up to 50 milligrams of pigment per stencil, the current conservation protocol utilizes portable energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometers combined with digital micro-photogrammetry. According to lead conservator Dr. Lucía Moretti, this non-invasive setup allows researchers to determine mineral binders directly on the rock face within 12 minutes per stencil while maintaining a zero-impact protocol. The team discovered that the red pigments were emulsified using rendered guanaco bone marrow rather than bird egg albumin, which explains the exceptional adhesion to the porous ignimbrite rock substrate despite millennia of sub-zero Patagonian winter temperatures.'
According to the audio report, which specific substance was identified as the binder responsible for the durability and adhesion of the red pigments?
- AAlbumin extracted from wild bird eggs
- Rendered marrow from guanaco bonesCevap
- CPulverized mineral dust from ignimbrite rock
- DFifty milligrams of synthetic acrylic resin