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Zorluk: OrtaImperialism and the Spanish-American War

Source: President William McKinley, interview published in The Christian Advocate, 1900.

"I walked the floor of the White House night after night until midnight; and I am not ashamed to tell you, gentlemen, that I went down on my knees and prayed Almighty God for light and guidance more than one night. And one night late it came to me this way... that we could not turn [the Philippines] over to France or Germany—our commercial rivals in the Orient—that would be bad business and discreditable; [and] that there was nothing left for us to do but to take them all, and to educate the Filipinos, and uplift and civilize and Christianize them..."

Which of the following historical ideologies or developments best explains the justification for annexation expressed in the excerpt?

  1. The influence of Social Darwinism and beliefs in Anglo-Saxon cultural superiorityCevap
  2. B
    The outrage over the sinking of the Lusitania and the rise of unrestricted submarine warfare
  3. C
    The assertion of the Monroe Doctrine as a military alliance to divide territorial spheres in Asia
  4. D
    The adherence to a strict policy of absolute isolationism that barred all economic engagement in foreign markets

Cevap

The influence of Social Darwinism and beliefs in Anglo-Saxon cultural superiority
The correct option is correct because President McKinley's justification for annexing the Philippines—specifically the claim that they were unfit for self-government and needed to be educated, uplifted, and civilized—closely mirrors the late nineteenth-century ideology of Social Darwinism and the belief in the cultural superiority of Anglo-Saxon civilization. This rationale was frequently used by imperialists to justify the acquisition of overseas territories following the Spanish-American War.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the stimulus to identify the author's primary argument and justification.
The excerpt shows President McKinley justifying the annexation of the Philippines by arguing that the Filipinos are unfit for self-government and that the United States has a duty to educate, uplift, and civilize them, while also referencing commercial competition in Asia.
This establishes the core perspective and historical context of the source.
2
Identify the historical ideologies and trends of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries that align with this justification.
The concept of the 'white man's burden,' rooted in Social Darwinism and beliefs in Anglo-Saxon racial and cultural superiority, was the primary ideological framework used to justify paternalistic colonial rule over non-white populations.
This connects the specific arguments in the text to broader historical developments of the period.
3
Evaluate the options to select the one that best matches this ideology and eliminate distractors based on chronology or content.
The option concerning Social Darwinism and cultural superiority is correct. Options related to the Lusitania (World War I), the Monroe Doctrine (Western Hemisphere scope), and isolationism (contrary to annexation) are historically incorrect or inapplicable context.
This ensures the final answer is historically accurate and directly addresses the question asked.

Anahtar Kavram

Ideological justifications for American imperialism (Social Darwinism and Anglo-Saxon superiority)
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Konular

Imperialism and the Spanish-American War

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