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Zorluk: OrtaWestward Expansion and American Indians

"Provided, That hereafter no Indian nation or tribe within the territory of the United States shall be acknowledged or recognized as an independent nation, tribe, or power with whom the United States may contract by treaty; but no obligation of any treaty lawfully made and ratified with any such Indian nation or tribe prior to March third, eighteen hundred and seventy-one, shall be hereby invalidated or impaired."
— United States Congress, Indian Appropriations Act of 1871

Which of the following was a direct consequence of the policy shift described in the excerpt?

  1. A
    The creation of permanent federal protections to secure tribal communal lands from homesteaders.
  2. B
    A federal policy of non-intervention in the West, leaving land disputes to be resolved by private marketplace agreements.
  3. The passage of legislation to divide reservation lands into individual family plots to promote cultural assimilation.Cevap
  4. D
    The merging of all remaining Native American populations into a single, unified territory with centralized tribal representation.

Cevap

The passage of legislation to divide reservation lands into individual family plots to promote cultural assimilation.
The correct answer is correct because the ending of treaty-making with the Indian Appropriations Act of 1871 marked a transition to direct congressional control over Native American affairs. This unilateral authority paved the way for the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887, which sought to dismantle tribal sovereignty and communal landholdings by partitioning reservations into individual family plots to force cultural assimilation.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the provided text stimulus to identify the core policy shift.
The text shows that the Indian Appropriations Act of 1871 ended the practice of treating Native American tribes as sovereign nations with whom the United States could sign treaties.
This establishes that the federal government was transitioning from negotiating with tribes to asserting direct, unilateral authority over them.
2
Relate this policy shift to subsequent historical developments in the late nineteenth century.
Unilateral federal control allowed the government to enact laws directly impacting Native American internal affairs, most notably the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887.
By bypassing treaty negotiations, the federal government could dismantle communal reservation systems directly.
3
Identify the primary mechanism and goal of the Dawes Severalty Act.
The Dawes Act divided tribal lands into individual family allotments to encourage private farming and promote assimilation into mainstream American society.
This matches the option describing the partition of reservation lands for assimilation.

Anahtar Kavram

The shift in federal Indian policy from treaty-making to unilateral assimilation policies in the late nineteenth century.
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Konular

Westward Expansion and American Indians

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