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Zorluk: OrtaPostwar Economy, Suburbanization, and Demographics

William H. Whyte, *The Organization Man*, 1956

"The new suburbs have become the home of the Organization Man. They are not people who keep to themselves. They belong to things—their schools, their churches, their clubs, their suburb. The ranch house with its open plan, the picture window, the shared lawns, all conspire to eliminate privacy, to make the individual subordinate to the group. When a decision is to be made, they seek a consensus. If they have a common bond, it is their migration. They have left the old cities, the traditional neighborhoods, to seek a new community in these planned developments. This transition is not merely geographic; it represents a fundamental shift in the American character toward conformity and social integration."

Which of the following developments in the post–World War II era most directly contributed to the demographic shift described in the passage?

  1. A
    The dramatic reduction in federal economic spending, signaling a return to Gilded Age laissez-faire policies.
  2. The expansion of federal mortgage guarantees and the construction of the interstate highway system.Cevap
  3. C
    The implementation of supply-side tax cuts to lower corporate tax rates and stimulate urban manufacturing.
  4. D
    The creation of broad federal welfare programs under the Great Society to directly fund municipal housing construction.

Cevap

The expansion of federal mortgage guarantees and the construction of the interstate highway system.
The correct answer is correct because federal programs such as the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) and Veteran's Administration (VA) offered subsidized, low-interest mortgages, while the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 funded the construction of highways that connected suburbs to urban employment centers, making suburban homeownership affordable and accessible for middle-class families.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the stimulus passage.
The passage describes the growth of new, planned suburbs and the migration of families away from older cities to these communities in the 1950s.
Understanding the core historical phenomenon described in the source is necessary to identify its causes.
2
Identify the factors that facilitated suburbanization in the post-World War II period.
The GI Bill and FHA loans made homeownership affordable, while the building of the Interstate Highway System allowed residents to commute from outer suburbs to city centers.
Linking the social and demographic shift of suburbanization to specific federal policies of the postwar era.
3
Evaluate the choices to find the one that accurately names these federal factors.
The option identifying federal mortgage guarantees and the highway system directly explains the material conditions that enabled the migration described by Whyte.
Confirming the correct choice based on historical evidence and eliminating distractors that represent different eras or incorrect economic philosophies.

Anahtar Kavram

Postwar suburbanization was fueled by a combination of demographic shifts, economic prosperity, and federal policies including mortgage guarantees and highway infrastructure.
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
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Postwar Economy, Suburbanization, and Demographics

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