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Zorluk: OrtaThe Digital Revolution and Economic Globalization

Excerpt from Robert B. Reich, *The Work of Nations: Preparing Ourselves for 21st-Century Capitalism*, 1991:

"We are living through a transformation that will rearrange the politics and economics of the coming century. There will be no national products or technologies, no national corporations, no national industries. There will no longer be national economies, at least as we have understood that concept. All that will remain rooted within national borders are the people who comprise a nation. Each nation's primary assets will be its citizens' skills and insights. The coping capacity of the United States depends on the global value of the services its citizens can perform."

Which of the following developments in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries best represents the economic transformation described in the passage?

  1. The growth of multinational corporations that outsourced manufacturing and service-sector jobs to developing nationsCevap
  2. B
    A return to mercantilist trade policies that established government-monopolized trade routes to protect domestic industries
  3. C
    The expansion of Great Society initiatives that guaranteed federal public-works employment to all service-sector workers
  4. D
    The adoption of supply-side policies that prioritized increased federal spending and demand-side economic stimulus

Cevap

The growth of multinational corporations that outsourced manufacturing and service-sector jobs to developing nations
The correct answer identifies how multinational corporations increasingly distributed their operations globally. By utilizing communication technologies and free trade policies, companies outsourced manufacturing and back-office service-sector jobs to developing nations. This shift reflects the author's description of a borderless economy where corporate activities are no longer confined within national borders.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the stimulus passage to identify the central argument.
The passage describes the decline of isolated national economies, the rise of a borderless global marketplace, and the shift toward a service-oriented economy centered on individual skills.
Understanding the author's premise is necessary to evaluate which late-twentieth-century development aligns with it.
2
Evaluate the choices to locate a development that reflects this globalization and restructuring of labor.
The outsourcing of jobs to developing nations by multinational corporations shows how corporations operate globally rather than within a single national economy, representing the transformation described in the text.
Outsourcing and globalized supply chains are defining features of Period 9 globalization.

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The Digital Revolution and Economic Globalization
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