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Zorluk: OrtaWestward Expansion: Economic and Social Development

Source: Declaration of Purposes of the National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry, 1874.

"We shall, mutually, strive to buy less and produce more, and make our farms self-sustaining. We will diversify our crops, and ask no more on credit... We desire a proper, equality, equity, and fairness; protection for the weak, restraint upon the strong; in short, justly distributed burdens and justly distributed power. We are not enemies to railroads, navigable channels, or any corporation that will advance our industrial interests."

The sentiments expressed in the excerpt were most directly a response to which of the following economic conditions in the West?

  1. A
    The federal government's enforcement of strict laissez-faire policies that prevented any public land grants to transportation companies.
  2. B
    The loss of homesteads due to the government's redistribution of fertile land to Native American reservations.
  3. The growing dependence of western agricultural producers on corporate railroad monopolies to ship their crops.Cevap
  4. D
    The successful passage of early Progressive reforms that outlawed the consolidation of major industrial trusts.

Cevap

The growing dependence of western agricultural producers on corporate railroad monopolies to ship their crops
The correct answer is correct because Western farmers became increasingly dependent on corporate-owned railroads to transport their agricultural products to distant urban and global markets. Because railroads functioned as monopolies in many regions, they charged high and discriminatory freight rates, which severely squeezed agricultural profits and prompted farmers to organize cooperatives like the Grange.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the document's source and historical context.
The document is the 1874 Declaration of Purposes of the National Grange, a prominent organization of western and midwestern farmers during the Gilded Age.
Identifying the author and timeframe places the document within the economic challenges of Gilded Age agricultural expansion.
2
Examine the farmers' economic grievances outlined in the text.
The text calls for farm self-sufficiency, crop diversification, reduction of credit dependency, and fairness from corporations, particularly railroads.
This reveals the tension between agricultural producers and the rising power of corporate monopolies, especially in transportation.
3
Identify the historical cause of these grievances.
Western expansion connected rural producers to national markets, but left them dependent on corporate railroads that charged monopolistic freight rates.
This explains why the Grange advocated for mutual cooperation and corporate restraint to protect their economic interests.

Anahtar Kavram

The economic challenges of western farmers and the rise of agrarian activism in response to railroad consolidation.
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
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Westward Expansion: Economic and Social Development

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