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Zorluk: OrtaSouthern Economy, Society, and the Defense of Slavery

Source: John C. Calhoun, speech in the United States Senate, 1837.

"I hold then, that there never has yet existed a wealthy and civilized society in which one portion of the community did not, in point of fact, live on the labor of the other... I may say with truth, that in few countries so much is left to the share of the laborer, and so little exacted from him, or where there is more kind attention paid to him in sickness or infirmity of age. Compare his condition with the tenants of the poor houses in the more civilized portions of Europe—look at the sick, and the old and infirm slave, on one hand, in the midst of his family and friends, under the kind superintending care of his master and mistress, and compare it with the forlorn and wretched condition of the pauper in the poor house."

The arguments expressed in the excerpt were most directly a reaction to which of the following historical developments?

  1. A
    The Southern economy's complete decoupling from Northern manufacturing and global market networks.
  2. B
    The historical transition of Southern agricultural systems away from European indentured servitude to hereditary chattel slavery.
  3. The rise of an organized abolitionist movement in the North that challenged the morality of Southern labor practices.Cevap
  4. D
    A series of Marshall Court decisions that actively diminished the constitutional protections of state-level property rights.

Cevap

The rise of an organized abolitionist movement in the North that challenged the morality of Southern labor practices.
The correct answer is correct because Calhoun's defense of slavery as a positive good was a direct response to the emergence of radical abolitionism in the North during the 1830s. Southern politicians and intellectuals formulated this paternalistic ideology to defend their social hierarchy against moral critiques from Northern reformers.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the source text and date (1837).
Identify the author as John C. Calhoun defending the institution of slavery by comparing the condition of enslaved workers favorably to European paupers and declaring slavery a benefit.
Establishes the historical context of the 'positive good' argument of the 1830s.
2
Identify the historical catalyst for this shift in pro-slavery rhetoric.
Recall that during the 1830s, Northern abolitionist organizations and publications expanded rapidly, demanding immediate emancipation and criticizing Southern morality.
Connects the defense of slavery to the pressure applied by the growing abolitionist movement.
3
Evaluate the options to find the development that directly prompted this reaction.
Select the option that references the rise of the Northern abolitionist movement, while rejecting options that are chronologically incorrect or misrepresent the Southern economy's relationship to the Market Revolution.
Matches the historical cause of Calhoun's defense with the correct answer.

Anahtar Kavram

The shift in the defense of slavery from a 'necessary evil' to a 'positive good' in response to Northern abolitionist pressure.
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Southern Economy, Society, and the Defense of Slavery

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