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Zorluk: OrtaPhilosophical Foundations of the American Revolution

Read the excerpt below.

"The representative body of the people is the essential check upon the executive power... If the representative body is not chosen by the people, or if they are denied the power to grant or withhold their own money, the government ceases to be a free constitution and becomes an absolute tyranny. We claim nothing more than the rights of nature, which dictate that no man should be bound by laws or taxes to which he has not consented in person or by his representatives."
— Colonial essayist, 1769

The ideas expressed in the excerpt most directly reflect which of the following intellectual developments?

  1. A
    The immediate mobilization of the colonies for political independence following the French and Indian War
  2. The spread of Enlightenment principles regarding natural rights and the social contractCevap
  3. C
    The consensus to establish a decentralized confederation with a weak executive branch
  4. D
    The emergence of distinct political factions arguing over the strict construction of the Constitution

Cevap

The spread of Enlightenment principles regarding natural rights and the social contract
The correct answer is the spread of Enlightenment principles regarding natural rights and the social contract. The excerpt highlights the colonial belief that political authority must be rooted in the consent of the governed and that individuals possess inherent 'rights of nature' that no government can arbitrarily override. These ideas are directly derived from Enlightenment thinkers, particularly John Locke, and served as the intellectual framework for colonial resistance to British policies.

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1
Analyze the stimulus document's arguments and date.
The author argues that representative government is a check on executive power and that taxes require consent, invoking the 'rights of nature' in 1769.
Understanding the context and specific claims of the source is essential for identifying the underlying intellectual influence.
2
Connect the key phrases ('rights of nature' and consent to laws/taxes) to historical intellectual movements of the eighteenth century.
These phrases align with the Enlightenment ideas of John Locke, who popularized the concepts of natural rights and government by the consent of the governed (the social contract).
This establishes the link between colonial arguments and their philosophical origins.
3
Evaluate the distractors against the historical timeline and concepts of Period 3.
The demands for independence occurred later (mid-1770s), debates over a decentralized confederation occurred during and after the war (1777-1787), and strict construction debates occurred in the 1790s.
Eliminating options that are chronologically inaccurate or represent different debate frameworks confirms the correct answer.

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Philosophical Foundations of the American Revolution
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Philosophical Foundations of the American Revolution

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