"The business of national reform must be conducted by voluntary associations... They can create a public opinion which will check the progress of vice, and strengthen the hands of the civil magistrate. A nation can be reformed only by the voluntary action of the individuals who compose it. A state or city may be governed by law, but a nation can be reformed only by public opinion. These associations are the only means by which the virtue and intelligence of the nation can be concentrated, and brought to bear upon the public mind."
— Lyman Beecher, Presbyterian minister, *Six Sermons on Intemperance*, 1826
Which of the following developments in the period 1800 to 1848 most directly reflects the sentiments expressed in the excerpt?
- AThe complete rejection of industrial market networks in favor of localized, self-sufficient household production.
- BThe use of judicial nationalism by the Supreme Court to mandate religious participation in public institutions.
- The mobilization of voluntary organizations, largely led by the emerging middle class, to promote social stability.Cevap
- DThe formation of foreign alliances to export American moral reform models to European nations.
Cevap
The mobilization of voluntary organizations, largely led by the emerging middle class, to promote social stability.
The correct answer is correct because the Second Great Awakening inspired a belief in human perfectibility and moral agency, which led to the creation of voluntary reform associations (such as temperance and moral reform societies). These organizations were largely organized and supported by the growing middle class, who sought to address the social anxieties and instability that accompanied the rapid economic changes of the Market Revolution.
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Anahtar Kavram
The Second Great Awakening inspired moral reform movements and voluntary organizations, often led by the middle class, to address the social impacts of the Market Revolution.